Cognitive psychology mid-topic test * 1. Outline the multi-store model of memory. (4) 2. Explain what is meant by elaborative rehearsal. (2) 3.
(25 points) • The main paradigms used to study motor learning are response variability and random vs. block practice. Response variability and random vs. block practice are techniques of motor learning that incorporate variations. 3. Describe the different ways in which one can manipulate KR for memory development and provide possible explanations. (25 points) 4.
How does the past experience get into our memory in the first place? Atkinson and shiffrin (1968) were some of the first psychologists to attempt to answer this question with their multi – store model of memory. They suggested that memory is made up of a series of stores. The multi store model (Atkinson and shiffrin 1968) describes memory as information flowing through a system. Where the information is detected initially by the senses and then enters the sensory memory.
In this essay, the basic characteristics of autobiographical memory will be studied, the organization and types of autobiographical memory will be discussed, the interaction between language processing and learning will be explored and issues such as infantile amnesia, the awareness of self and brain development, will be examined. To start with, memory in general could be described as a process of storing, interpreting and retrieving information and experiences. But when we talk about autobiographical memory, we refer to the memories we have about ourselves and our personal experiences and also to the information about specific situations we have come across in the past (Bauer, 2007). In psychology the organization of memory and its division into other categories, helps studying in detail the various factors that exist within it. Firstly, memory can be divided into two sections; into short – term store (STS) and long – term store (LTS).
Qualitative and Quantitative Studies in Special Education Jeanantry Henderson RES/351 August 16, 2014 Darron Williams Introduction This research paper will compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative designs. The strengths and weaknesses of the designs will be outlined. How the designs can be used most effectively in a combined approach. Last, the method that is used for research in business on a daily basis. The Qualitative and Quantitative Design Qualitative research can be done for multiple purposes, however, these might be condensed to fit the National Research Council’s categories of producing descriptive or procedural knowledge; that is, answering questions about “what is happening?” and “why or how it is happening?” (Shavelson & Towne, 2002, p. 99).
APPLICATION QUESTIONS Using Jung’s theoretical concepts and stages, assess Mark’s personality. 1. What is Mark’s attitude, according to Jungian theory? Provide evidence for your answer. a.
Evaluate two models of memory with reference to research studies (22 marks) The following essay aims to make an appraisal of two models of memory whilst weighing up the strengths and limitations of each. Memory is defined to be the mental process of encoding, storing and retrieving information. Memory undergoes a series of stages in order to store its information. First the encoding process: incoming information is organized and transformed so it can be entered into memory. Secondly storage process: involves entering and maintaining information in memory for a period of time and last of all retrieval process: involves recovering stored information from memory so it can be used.
With reference to relevant research discuss the extent to which models of memory and theories of forgetting explain human memory. This essay will analyse the effectiveness of the multi-store model of memory and the working memory model together with examination of Trace Decay and Displacement theories of forgetting, as effective methods for explaining human memory. Memory can be defined as the minds storage system for information or experience (Gross 1996). The multi-store model of memory developed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968/1971 as cited in Gross, 1996; Cardwell, Clark and Meldrum, 2004) is a linier diagram with three stores; the sensory store, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) stores. Entailing of information flowing in a fixed sequence from one to the next.
Therefore, this experiment was conducted in order to explore how the depth of processing affects memory recall. This experiment was conducted based on the Levels-of-processing Theory which “suggests that the deeper the level at which information was processed the more likely it is to be committed to memory” (Gerrig, Zimbardo, Desmarais & Ivanco, 2012, p.230). Memory is “the capacity to store and retrieve information” (Gerrig et. al., 2012, p.217). In a previous study conducted by Craik and Tulving (1975), the depth of processing was tested using a Shallow, Intermediate and Deep levels of encoding.
Discuss Theories of Memory and Relate to Your Own Memory Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) and Badderly & Hitch (1974) produced two well known theories of memory. This discussion will explain the two theories supplying sufficient evidence to support each theory. It will outline any criticisms of each theory and demonstrate ways that I use memory. The disscusion will come to a closure with a final conclusion based on the discussion held. The definition of memory is the ability to store things in a persons mind and to be able to recall them.