The type of processes which shape the coastal landscape all links together in a cycle. The dominance of these processes is the type of rock which they affect. For marine erosion it is resistant rock, whereas sub-aerial weathering affects less resistant rock more dominantly. These processes can be interrupted by coastal defences, which will cause certain processes from
At North Cronulla concrete footpaths were built on existing sand dunes. However, the natural process of sand erosion caused by the waves hitting the beach undermined the pathways and they started to collapse. To halt the erosion large river stones were placed underneath the length of the path to create a base on which interlocking honeycomb shaped bricks were concreted into place. A continuous sloping retainer wall was built that is approximately 330 metres long. The retainer wall has remained in place because it withstands the continual flow of water and wind erosion.
Foredune and Second dune For the natural processes, Foredune and Second dune both are influenced by the seasonal wind, waves and parent rocks form Port Phillip Bay. During the flooding period from Port Phillip Bay and hardened into sedimentary rocks consequently, Foredune was formed as sediments washed from land by waves where eroded to form the underlying bedrock of the area (Gregory 1912) In terms of temporal scale, the pattern and shape of Seaford Beach influenced by seasonal alternations in dominant waves, which affected by two different directional wave during summer and winter months (Bird, 2011) There are gently curved beaches on coasts of Port Phillip Bay shaped by locally generated waves instead of received ocean swell (Figure 4) Although the beach materials, like sand and seashell, are removed seaward by storm waves, the coast outlines would maintain the smoothly curved shapes when the shape is established (Bird,
He suggested that at the centre of oceans, molten material would rise from the Earth’s mantle, causing new sea floor to be created, pushing the ocean floor. He also suggested that there were ocean trenches where old sea floor would then go back into the mantle, and molten. He found that these ocean trenches, the deepest parts of the ocean, were very near continental plates. Hess theorized that the action of the sea floor spreading caused continents to move apart and so this being evidence for continental drift, showing why it happened. The evidence of sea floor spreading was further supported by Vine and Drummond, who studied the magnetic pattern of the sea floor.
Bacton’s geology is comprised of clay, silts and sand. It has a wide sandy beach. It is at risk from coastal erosion such as longshore drift and if it was not protected, the gas terminal would cease to function which would make a lot of the population in Bacton redundant. Also, it poses an environmental hazard if an explosion occurred and gas escaped. Happisburgh is composed of several glacial tills
I am going to find out whether the wave height and wave frequency determines the type of wave. There are two different types of waves and they are constructive waves and destructive waves. Constructive waves have a stronger swash and have a weaker backwash. Constructive waves deposits sediments and it forms the beach. Destructive waves have a stronger backwash and have a weaker swash.
Now long shore, or planform, spreading involves the redistribution of the sediment from the project area to the adjacent beaches (Elko, par.4). The waves soon smooth the new sediment that has been brought in out and drives long shore transport. As a number of Florida beaches are being restored or going under a nourishment project the vision of a natural beach and beach influenced by nourishment is becoming more and more unclear (Elko, par.3). These projects are monitored by beach surveys that are done frequently. Sites are chosen to have cameras put on top of buildings located near the beaches so that an accurate survey could be done.
The tide is high Happisburgh Coastal erosion happisburugh Coastal erosion is when the water and/or wind carry out sediments of land; sediment is rocks, dirt and earth. It happens mostly on beaches and shorelines because they had no vegetation or plants to be a natural protection against the water. People believe that it is just the water that erodes the coast, but both the water and wind are main factors that constantly change the boundary between the land and water. The beach can be affected severely or lightly depending on the lunar tides and the difference in water density. Coastal erosion in Happisburgh Happisburgh is to the east of England and in 2001 had a population of 1,372 in 607 households.
Name another major river that joins the Hunter and locate which sea into which the Hunter River flows. Goulburn River 4. Cut and paste a map of the Hunter River Estuary into this document. 5. Outline 3 reasons why it is important to protect the Hunter River Estuary from environmental harm.
The Flight Deck building, Collaroy In addition to the houses being unsafe to live in, they are also damaging the beach itself. After large storms over the years, the huge tides and waves have reached the houses.