Assignment 1: Asses the 6 psychological perspectives Explain and assess all 6 of the psychological perspectives you have learnt. Behaviourist – Ivan Pavlov conducted an experiment called ‘Classical Conditioning’. At first, the Russian physiologist was working on an investigation of a dog’s digestive system, and the amount of salvation levels towards food. He had the dog in a harness, and a test tube under the dog’s mouth to collect the saliva. However, every time the dog saw the experimenter, the dog had already started to salivate before it came close to eating the food; this was unusual.
Classical Conditioning Anthony Trolli PSY/390 October 10, 2011 Brian Newbury Classical Conditioning Theory of Classical conditioning: The theory of classical conditioning is a term that is often used to describe how one learns with the experiences they may have acquired through their experiences. In psychology it can be defined as a permanent change of knowledge or behavior. The one example that is best experiment with the dogs was how he trained the dogs to salivate when they heard the sound of the bell ringing, he first showed them some food which caused the salivation, after a while he would just ring the bell without bringing them food to just cause them to salivate from the sound of the bell ring. One way to define
Pavlov’s experiment involved putting meat powder in the mouths of dogs who had tubes inserted into various organs to measure bodily responses. He then discovered that the dogs began
Classical conditioning refers to the process of learning through association. This involves an animal or a human learning to associate something new with something that naturally causes a response eventually making the new thing cause the same response itself. A key example found within psychology for the process of classical conditioning would be that of Pavlov’s dog experiment. Pavlov was initially doing experiments on dogs and salivating and noticed that when the dogs heard his footsteps, they begin to salivate involuntarily. This is due to them learning to associate the sound of Pavlov’s footstep with food.
Your Best Friend Today In the Saturday Night essay “Dogs and Monsters” Stanley Coren, a Professor of Psychology and a dog behaviour specialist, argues that dogs have been genetically modified for centuries in order to make people’s lives easier and more comfortable, yet there are still people in the world who disagree with genetic engineering. He claims that what people fear most about this type of science is that it is seen as “tampering with creation”(Coren 533) and something that as Prince Charles put it “should be left to God”(533) for fear that the earth and nature will be unable to handle the changes in species causing an unnatural balance between them. However Coren raises many interesting points proving that genetic engineering is not just in its beginning phases, it has in fact been around for centuries starting with primitive humans, jackals and wolves. Coren begins his essay by describing exactly how dogs and people first came into contact. In doing so Coren shows how people use dogs to make their lives more comfortable and that early people would use dogs at first as essentially a form of garbage disposal.
Pavlov experimented classical conditioning by experimenting with dogs. Pavlov rang a bell every time he would feed the dogs. After repeating this experiment a few times, every time he would ring the bell the dogs will start salivating. This results in the food being the unconditioned stimulus, the dog salivating is the unconditioned response, the bell being rang is the conditioned stimulus, and the dog salivating is the conditioned response. By this experiment Pavlov preformed, physiologists began to realize that classical conditioning can occur during peoples every day lives.
P1: Explain the principal psychological perspectives: Introduction: For this assignment I have to describe how the theories of classical conditioning can be applied in health and social care settings that deal with challenging or modifying behaviour. Classical conditioning: This is a theory which was originally developed by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments on a dog salivating when being shown food, it was discovered when the dog had learned the arrival of the assistant meant food was coming and so the dog salivated early (before even smelling the food.) from this experiment we can understand why classical conditioning is to do with reminder, some psychologists (evolutionary) say that some of the prehistoric phobias were survival related for example associating heights or oceans of water with death therefore creating the phobia of heights and water which make you avoid them in order to avoid death. In my opinion this makes sense, in the same way that animals and prehistoric hums would have avoided brightly coloured berries as they were poisonous. www.tatic.ddmcdn.com/gif/dog-training Applying classical conditioning to the health and social care sector: Like any behaviourist theory of learning, classical conditioning helps explain certain behaviourisms and why we do specific things that we do.
where behaviourism is concerned there many different types of conditioning such as classical conditioning which is the stimulus and response theory this backs up the idea that behaviour is taught which Ivan Pavlov demonstrated in different experiments. he proved that you can teach teaching something to associate another thing with an other for example in his dog experiment he taught the dog to associate getting his food when the bell rang which made him dribble because he know his food was coming. In this case the bell was conditioned stimulus and the dribbling was the
Oftenly displayed characteristics by a domestic dog is its aggressiveness, submission to owner, playfulness and it also shows fear and anxiety (Feddersen-Petersen, 2007). The domestic dog’s ancestors, the wolves, are animals who leave together as a pack, and wolves has developed a way to regulate their pack. They are similarities with the social behaviour shown by both wolves and domestic dogs, but this behavior has changed from time to time as a way to adapt to the human environment (Goodwin et al., 1997). Due to these changes in the behaviour of domestic dogs, humans might have difficulties in understanding the communication signals of each dog breeds which would lead to confusion and miscommunication (Schilder,
The pros way out the cons when the dogs are accompanied by the correct handlers. Each handler must be clear and concise when speaking with their dog, and show them love and affection when training. The handlers keep the dogs detained in cages and not in their homes so the dogs know that it is time to work when they are out and rest when they are in. It was also interesting that when the officers dog retired and he brought him home the dog continued to sniff for hours because he thought he was constantly working. The point made about the handler who brought his dog home and let his girlfriend take it out shopping was also interesting because his girlfriend took the dog out in a blue mustang, and when the dog was put to work one day instead of working he sat and did nothing when searching a blue mustang.