[pic] The holiday of Cinco De Mayo, is celebrated on the 5th of May, which commemorates the victory of the Mexican military over the French army at The Battle Of Puebla in 1862. It is primarily a regional holiday celebrated in the Mexican state capital city of Puebla and throughout the state of Puebla, with some limited recognition in other parts of Mexico, and especially in United States cities with a significant Mexican population.The battle at Puebla in 1862 had happened at a very violent and chaotic time in Mexico's history. Mexico had finally gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a difficult and bloody struggle, and a number of internal political takeovers and wars, including the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and the Mexican Civil War of 1858, which had ruined the national economy.During this period of struggle, Mexico had accumulated heavy debts to several nations, including Spain, England and France, who were demanding repayment. When Mexico had finally stopped making any loan payments, France had took action on its own to install Napoleon III's relative, Archduke Maximilian of Austria, as ruler of Mexico. The french army were marching on toward Mexico City, when they had encountered a strong resistance near Puebla at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe.
If the success of an Independence movement is defined by achievement of the original goals, then the Mexican Independence Movement was more successful than the Brazilian Independence Movement because Mexico achieved its political, and social goals while Brazil did not achieve its goals to the extent Mexico did, and while Brazil did become economically stable afterwards, Mexico remained economically unstable. There were many political goals for both the Mexican and Brazilian Independence movements. Napoleon’s invasion of the mother countries, Spain and Portugal caused much disruption in the countries so forcing him out was not only a goal but a necessity. Other goals included bringing Ferdinand VII back into power and the final goal was to become independent. Along with the goal of removing Napoleon from Portugal, Brazil’s only set goal politically was to become independent.
The Duke, having interest in military conquest, followed the exploits of the American Army engaged in the Mexican War. He became keenly interested in the exploits of General Scott, and according to For the common defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 (3rd Edition) (2012), when learning that Scott had abandoned both his supply and communication lines in the early part of August of 1847, to push towards Mexico City, stated the opinion, “Scott is lost…. he can’t take the city, and he can’t fall back upon his base.” (p. 139). Scott and his Army was however not lost, and when the campaign ended he had pulled off an amazing victory which according to For the common defense: A Military History of the United States from 1607 to 2012 (3rd Edition) (2012), gave rise to the Duke of Wellington exclaiming that Scott was “the greatest living soldier”, and “urged young English officers to study the Veracruz-Mexico City campaign”, which he considered “unsurpassed in military annals.” (p. 140). What exactly was it about this campaign that would later have military leaders and historians calling it “one of the finest in the annals of American warfare”.
Over time, the Mexican government became more centralized, less federalist, and eventually steered the Texans to call for independence. Early in March 1836, Texas declared its independence from Mexico; and for the next two months, bloody battles ensued. Mexico, under supreme dictator and President Santa Anna, vowed to remove the Anglo-American brigands from Mexico. Sam Houston’s small, undertrained and underequipped army of ragtag volunteers conducted a tactical retreat to gain time, manpower, and material as well as spread the Mexican army’s supply lines over one thousand miles. Houston’s goal was to conduct a campaign of his choosing and not that of the Mexican army.
Cinco de Mayo Essay Rochonna Shaw April 18, 2014 1st Period Cinco de Mayo, also known as May 5th, is a Mexican holiday. This is a very important holiday for Mexico because this is the day they praised the winning of the Mexican army over the French army. This particular winning took place in 1862 at The Battle of Puebla. Cinco de Mayo is a nationwide holiday; besides being celebrated only in Mexico, it is celebrated in various American cities that hold a distinctively large Mexican population. The Cinco de Mayo celebration praises the Mexican food, culture, entertainment, and customs.
The Cry of Dolores marked the beginning of the long and bloody Mexican War of Independence, which would not conclude until 1821. Millions were killed or displaced in this long conflict. During his trial, Hidalgo seemed to understand what he had wrought and recanted his actions, perhaps foreseeing the bloodbath to come. The Cry of Dolores was the spark that ignited the tinderbox of long pent-up resentment of the Spanish in Mexico. Taxes had been raised to pay for fiascoes like the disastrous (for Spain) 1805 Battle of Trafalgar and in 1808 Napoleon invaded Spain, deposed the king and placed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne.
When Juarez returned from exile and gained the presidency of Mexico, Diaz became one of his most loyal supporters and provided the military muscle for his liberal causes (Reed). Diaz first ran for the presidency of Mexico in 1871 against his partner and mentor Benito Juarez, and Sebastian Lerdo de Tejada. The results of the election were so close that it could not be decided on votes alone and was sent to the congress to decide. Juarez’s party held the majority of seats and basically by default was awarded the presidency. This outcome greatly upset Diaz and Diaz later would show his opinion by not accepting the results and threw an unsuccessful revolt to overthrow
Italian Unification as a result of Foreign Aids The Italian Unification was a result of foreign aids from France, Prussia, Britain and also Russia by helping to gain Italian states and by helping indirectly. Firstly, the Italian Unification was a result of foreign aids from France because France wanted to gain prestige. To do this, France helped gain Lombardy and Duchies of Italy. When France saw the strength of the Piedmontese army in the Crimean war 1854, France agreed to help Piedmont against Austria. For this agreement, both countries signed the Pact of Plombieres in 1858 where if Austria attacked Piedmont, France will send 200,000 troops to help.
The concept, referred to as "Dollar Diplomacy", called for the State Department to coordinate loans to the countries for infrastructure improvement from the largest banks in the U.S. Strategically, this was designed to strengthen security for the Panama Canal, increase American trade, and diminish the presence of European nations in the area. Progressives and Insurgent Republicans in the Senate opposed the Wall Street connection, so the effort was largely a failure. [69] The President was more successful in Argentina, where agreements were reached whereby the U.S. provided loans to enable Argentina to acquire battleships; some naval construction and design secrets were sacrificed in the
While the sale of the territory by Spain back to France in 1800 went largely unnoticed, fear of an eventual French invasion spread nationwide when, in 1801, Napoleon sent a military force to secure New Orleans. Southerners feared that Napoleon would free all the slaves in Louisiana, which could trigger slave uprisings elsewhere. [8] Though Jefferson urged moderation, Federalists sought to use this against Jefferson and called for hostilities against France. Undercutting them, Jefferson took up the banner and threatened an alliance with Britain, although relations were uneasy in that direction. [8] In 1801 Jefferson supported France in its plan to take back Saint-Domingue, then under control of Toussaint Louverture after a slave rebellion.