In cellular respiration and photosynthesis, the reactants flow through pathways to become products in very different ways. Respiration is catabolic, breaking glucose down, while photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction, building glucose. Photosynthesis (carbon dioxide + water + light energy = glucose + oxygen + water) provides the basic energy source for nearly all living things. Plants use the glucose produced by photosynthesis to build leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Photosynthesis is broken down into two separate stages, the light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions.
Bromthymol Blues Lab Introduction In this lab our group will demonstrate if carbon dioxide (CO2) is present during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. We will attempt this experiment by using an indicator called bromthymol blue. This indicator will turn yellow if CO2 is present during cellular respiration and during photosynthesis the indicator will turn from yellow to blue if the CO2 has been absorbed by the plant. II. Purpose To demonstrate that CO2 is used during photosynthesis.
This was confirmed by the lab manual in page 30 which contains the list of the different Rf values by decreasing value. Introduction: Chemist use many ways of separating and determine want components are in different materials. One of this ways is by dissolving the material in solvent this will only get the mixture of components for example the spinach had to be grind up with hexane to get the organic material separated from the pigments that will be separated even further. Next using a solvent and a polar compound like alumina, the pigments separated from the organic material could be run in a column in which those will be separated even more using polarity. As a more polar solvent is use to push the different rings of pigment, these are collected in their own test tubes to then be run in a TLC which will determine the polarity using the Rf values and then comparing them to the table in the organic lab manual ones.
The fact that the energy needed to break the necessary bonds falls within the visible light spectrum is the basis on which the experiment is based. This brings up the issue of selectivity. For example, the bromine radical is more selective than the chlorine radical. This has to do with electronegativity. It is known that chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, and thus chlorine is more reactive, and less discriminatory as to what it will react with, thus making bromine more “selective”.
Make a line-angle drawing for the above chair conformation to clearly depict that the t-butyl group is axial. C. Show the above model to your TA and the TA will show you how to flip the ring. Now you would note that when the t-butyl group is in the equatorial position there are no unfavorable diaxial interactions. D. Draw the above (from C) chair conformation in which the methyl group is shown as equatorial. 1 Chemistry 250 Stereochemistry Workshop Question 2 ( 6 min) Febraury 2013 Two cis-trans isomers exist for 1-bromo-3-methylcyclohexane; they are cis-1-bromo-3-methylcyclohexane and trans-1bromo-3-methylcyclohexane: Two different chair conformations (Conformation 1 and Conformation 2) of cyclohexane with carbon atoms numbered 1 – 6 are given below.
MSA University Faculty of Pharmacy Organic chemistry department PC 111A Free Radical Halogenation of Alkanes Students' names: Nada Hossam Shaker Abd El-Fatah ID: 150121 Radwa Ahmed Al-Sayed Sharif ID: 151977 Rahma Kamal Mohammed Seyam ID: 151607 Group: C Course Supervisor: Dr. Nadia Abdou Teaching Assistant: Dr. Madlin Labib In natural science, free-radical halogenation is a kind of halogenation. This synthetic response is normal of alkanes and alkyl-substituted aromatics under application of UV light. The response is utilized for the mechanical combination of chloroform (CHCl3), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), and hexachlorobutadiene. It moves ahead by a free-radical chain instrument. Alkanes respond with halogen, (for example, chlorine or bromine) when the mixture is presented to ultraviolet light (symbolized as hv or UV) or when warmed to high temperature (200 - 400c)).
It reproduces asexually by fission. Green algae uses photosynthesis for its food source, which means that it turns light into food it can digest. An interesting fact about green algae is that there is over 1000 species of it. Also, it is used in many popular products, such as vegetable oil. Green algae lives all over the world.
However, from the GC the area % (also known as percent purity) was 91.8%, which indicates that a very pure product was obtained. REACTION MECHANISM OBSERVATIONS Please refer to page 36 and 37 of the lab notebook for a full list of observations and data RESULTS AND DISCUSSION a) Yield Calculations Theoretical Yield:3.5mL chlorpropane × 0.8669
The Rf value is determined by following formula: Rf=DL=distance component movesdistance solvent moves This experiment was successful overall, given a few errors. This experiment was done twice due to the paper having pen ink marks which interfered with the movement of the substances in the first experiment. During the second trial, it was a little difficult to measure the distance the substances traveled because multiple drops of each were dropped right above each other rather than on top of each other. By the end of the experiment, the distance traveled by each substance and the color changes of each subsance was still clear and was able to be measured and
When red and blue wavelengths are absorbed by chlorophyll they excite the electrons to a high amount causing photosynthesis to occur faster and with better results. From doing this experiment we should expect for the leaf disks in the red cellophane syringes to rise to surface in a short amount of time, we should expect the same from the blue cellophane syringes (Gray 2013). Hypothesis: Because chlorophyll reflects green wavelengths, it is predicted that the green wavelengths will not be absorbed. Therefore, green will have the least amount of photosynthesis. However, red and blue wavelength are absorbed better by chlorophyll and will excite electrons to high amounts, making photosynthesis occur at a faster rate.