In the experiment a secondary alcohol (cyclohexanol) is heated with acid (phosphoric acid). A carbocation is generated by the loss of water from cyclohexanol because of the protonated alcohol. Loss of hydrogen ion from the carbocation will give the desired alkene (cyclohexene). Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids that have different boiling points that are relatively close together. By using this method of distillation a mixture is heated to a temperature at which several fractions of the compound is evaporated the distillate is then condensed and collected.
Explain your answer. Water itself is an example of a homogeneous mixture. It often contains dissolved minerals and gases, but these are dissolved throughout the water. Is isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) a heterogeneous or homogenous mixture? Explain your answer.
The aspirator was turned to medium high, and then the copper was poured onto wetted filter paper. Using distilled water to remove all copper from the beaker. Once completely on filter paper 6mL of acetone was added to the copper to help dry it out. The filter paper was then removed and set down to dry completely. Once dry the filter paper was weighed with the copper on it and subtracted from the original weight to see the amount of copper left after
| Centrifuge: used to isolate the solid from the solution | . Focus Questions: When acidified water is not used in the zinc and iodine synthesis, zinc hydroxide is formed. How can it be identified based on the amphoteric nature. When zinc and iodine react without the presence of acetic acid in the water, zinc hydroxide forms. This is evident because the substance tested positive for both the acid test and the base test for zinc hydroxide.
6.How is a colloid distinguished from a solution or a suspension? A solution is transparent, in comparison to a colloid or suspension, which appears to be milky colored. 7.What are the basic physical principle that chromatography is based upon? Chromatography separates components of a mixture based on how quickly different molecules dissolved in a mobile phase solvent move along a solid phase. 8.How can distillation be used to prepare pure water from tap water?
Introduction Nucelophilic substitutions are chemical reactions in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the electron poor electrophile1. There are two classes of nucelophilic reactions – SN1, and SN2. The SN1 reaction is a 2 step, uni-molecular reaction, which is independent of the nucleophile. It requires a highly substituted electrophile since there is a formation of a carbocation in its rate determining step, good polar protic solvents which stabilize the carbocation and a good leaving group1. On the other hand, a SN2 reaction is a concerted, bimolecular reaction which has one slow, transition state1.
Decant(ing): Decanting is a way of separating a solid from a liquid. We can carefully pour a liquid from a solid, provided the solid is quite dense and resides on the bottom of a container. The easiest way to accomplish this is to hold a glass stir rod against the lip of the container containing the solid and liquid, and gently pour the liquid down the stir rod into a new container. Extraction: Extraction is a way to separate two components with different solubilities, that is, extract one chemical from another. Extraction relies on a principle called serial dilution.
The methyl in between the amine group and the pyrene portion of the molecule creates a large enough distance so that the NH3+ does not interact with the hydrogen from the pyrene. Thus; allowing 1-pyrenemethylamine to dimerize, and utilize luminescent properties to understand the microenvironment of silica. The process is different from that of pyrene in that, with sufficient concentration in a polar solvent, the dimerization between two ground state 1-pyrenemethylamine molecules occur first. Then, the dimer absorbs a photon at a certain wavelength to excite, forming the excimer. Finally, the excimer emits a photon and reverts back to two ground state 1-pyrenemethylamine molecules.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS: After successful extraction of phospholipids from their source analysis can be performed for the detection of specific phospholipids. This section will discuss chromatographic methods used for the analysis of phospholipids. All systems of chromatography consist of a stationary and mobile phase. A monster placed on a stationary phase, i.e., a solid or a liquid, and the mobile phase, a gas or a liquid, is allowed by modifying the system. The components of the sample will be separated on the basis of their ranging physical and chemical properties, imparting different affinities for the two phases.
Determination of a Solubility Product Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the solubility product constant (Ksp) for a sparingly soluble compound, Ca(OH)2, in pure water and in a NaOH solution. To determine the solubility product constant a solution of Ca(OH)2, in pure water was titrated with HCl. The concentrations of OH- and Ca2+ were used to calculate the solubility product constant. Another solution, containing Ca(OH)2, in NaOH was also titrated. The concentrations of OH- and Ca2+ were used to calculate the solubility product constant.