Heat is needed to start and continue a fire. The heat causes the fuel to break down in a process called pyrolysis, in which the fuel is taken from a solid state of matter to a gaseous state. It is the gasses that burn, not the solid or liquid matter. The next part of the fire triangle is oxygen. Oxygen is not actually pure oxygen; it’s the ambient air which is roughly 15-21% oxygen, depending on altitude and pollution.
AIM/ OBJECTIVE In this experiment, bomb calorimetry will be used to determine the heat of combustion (heat that the fuel gives off over a certain amount of time when it’s ignited). Determine the Calorific Value of the fuel used and show how the practically determined value compares to the theoretical calculations and industry standards 2. THEORY A bomb calorimeter is a sealed container capable of holding several atmospheres of gas pressure. It measures the enthalpy of reaction by carrying out the combustion reaction under constant volume conditions. This exothermic reaction increases the temperature inside the bomb, which then transfers the energy to the external water jacket raising the external temperature.
Carbon dioxide is in its supercritical fluid state when both the temperature and pressure equal or exceed the critical point of 31°C and 73 atm. In its supercritical state, CO2 provides the ideal conditions for extracting compounds with a high degree of recovery in a short period of time. Near liquid densities increase the probability of interactions between the carbon dioxide and the substrate, similar to a liquid solvent. The gas-like diffusivities of supercritical fluids are typically one to two orders of magnitude greater than liquids, allowing for exceptional mass transfer properties. Moreover, near zero surface tension as well as low viscosities similar to gases, allow supercritical fluids to easily penetrate a microporous matrix material to extract desired compounds.
Nitroglycerin breaks down after being pressurized or exposed to heat. The balanced equation for when nitroglycerin combusts is 2C3H5(NO3)3 <--> 6CO2 + 5H2O + 3N2 + O2. Sometimes, dynamite can be closely related to TNT, although they aren’t much alike at all. Nitroglycerin should only be worked on when the substance is a liquid. If it is not, the frozen or semi-frozen state of the product is quite dangerous to handle.
Miscibility is the property of liquids to mix in all proportions therefore forming a homogeneous solution. Flammability is the measure of the extent to which a material or a substance will support combustion. This is tested through ignition test. Vapor pressure is an important parameter in determining the ease of ignition of a substance or material. Substances are determined by the characteristics of their flame when they burn.
The challenge in refrigeration (and air conditioning, etc.) is to remove heat from a low temperature source and dump it at a higher temperature sink. Compression refrigeration cycles in general take advantage of the idea that highly compressed fluids at one temperature will tend to get colder when they are allowed to expand. If the pressure change is high enough, then the compressed gas will be hotter than our source of cooling (outside air, for instance) and the expanded gas will be cooler than our desired cold temperature. In this case, we can use it to cool at a low temperature and reject the heat to a high temperature.
Heat Release Rate and Performance Simulation of Dimethyl Ether fueled Diesel Engine by Oxygenate Correction Factor ABSTRACT: The performance of a diesel engine is altered by the use of oxygenated fuels, because the fuel borne oxygen alters heat release rate. A rapid model to simulate the heat release rate of a diesel engine fueled with dimethyl ether is developed to analyze the performance improvement. Usually, pressure-time profile is measured first during an experiment. The heat release rate and temperature-time profile is calculated from the pressure-time profile and considered as experimental profiles because direct measurement of them is difficult. However, the heat release rate profile is synthesized first in the simulation and then
During the explosion not only are gases produced quickly, but they are also hot, and they expand rapidly, according to Charles’ Law, which states that as the temperature of enclosed gas increases, the volume increases, if the pressure is consistent(Antonis, K. 2010). The chemical reaction the firework puts off is when [a]toms, as well as molecules, come together to form larger molecules, and larger molecules break up(Trefil, 2014). The chemical reaction also depends on the color of the firework. How do Chemists make the colors for Fireworks? When scientists make the different colors, each color has its own element.
The powder that remains will have lost some mass as smoke, but this resultant mass is still more than the mass of the metal that was burnt. Burning magnesium in air is a chemical reaction called oxidation and the compound produced is totally different from the two elements that have been combined. Each element is made up of atoms and the compound is made up of two elements joined together. The chemical formula for the reaction is below; 2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO Magnesium + Oxygen -> Magnesium Oxide The equation above shows that magnesium and oxygen have combined as the product of the reaction, their mass of each element has also combined in the reaction. Magnesium is a very reactive metal which when heated burns with a white flame.
Temperature of cooking oil | Use a heated or iced water bath to heat or cool the cooking oil to an equilibrated temperature | 1.5.4 Uncontrolled variables These are the variables that are uncontrolled: | This is how the uncontrolled variables affect the results: | 1. The loss or gain of heat of cooking oil to the surroundings and the room temperature | The viscosity measured for the liquid at a certain temperature would be inaccurate. A high room temperature would mean that the lower temperature cooking oil gains heat. A low room temperature would mean that the cooking oil of a higher temperature would lose heat. Heating the 45 C, 60 C, and 75 C cooking oil to a