Chemical Dependence and Substance Abuse

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Name of author Unit name Date Contents Introduction 1 Literature Review 2 Indirect costs 3 Direct costs 3 Physical and psychological costs 4 Sociocultural Determinants. 4 Dynamics of addiction 6 Defense mechanisms 6 Denial 6 Regression 6 Dissociation 7 Reaction formation 7 Projection 7 Chemical Dependence: Crisis of Addiction. Introduction Drug abuse and trade has been one of the major frustrating features of the international scene, the most common drugs in these transactions being; heroin, cocaine and synthetic stimulants. According to the United Nations office for Drug control and crime prevention, drug production, trafficking and sale is among the highest paying businesses with an estimated amount of $400 billion per year. Some of these drugs are consumed locally while others are transported into other countries taking part in the business. Most of these drugs are reported to have their origin in the developing countries, finding their way into the developed countries. An example is the production of cocaine which has dominated in central and south America and heroin which has had its roots in the southwest and southeast Asia. Literature Review The United States has been reported to have the largest population affected by drug abuse. This has consequently led to an enormous budget for curbing the problem and in turn the decision to take the role of leading the ‘victim nation’ on the trade of drugs. The US has taken an active role in fully participating in the move both on its own and bilaterally with other countries. This has included steps such as enforcement with approximately 60% of anti-drugs funds being devoted to enforcement of criminal law and 30%

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