Calculations involving the Mole, Avogadro’s Number, Molar Mass, Mole-Mole and Mass-Mole calculations in chemical equations. Combustion analysis and calculation of empirical and molecular formulas from composition analysis. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes. Precipitation reactions and solubility rules. Writing balanced molecular equations and net ionic equations.
Double displacement reaction: Chemical reactions in which one component each of both the reacting molecules is exchanged to form the products. 3. What does the stoichiometry of a chemical reaction mean? Why is it important? Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves using the relationships between reactants or products in a chemical reaction to determine the desired quantitive data.
Since we used our chromatography method, we will be able to figure out which metals our substance contains. It is important to know this especially if we are ingesting and coming in contact with them. Chromatography is a separation technique that works based on the compound interactions as those compounds tend to move within a supporting medium. The compounds interact in two phases; mobile and stationary phase. The techniques help analyzing.
The bromine is acting first like an electrophile, and then after bromine has broken the π bond, a carbocation has formed, and a bromide ion has been created, the bromide ion then acts as the nucleophile and forms a bond with the carbocation. This experiment uses bromination, the specific name of halogenation with bromine. In order to for bromination to occur bromine must first be generated. This is done in situ through the oxidation of glacid acetic acid and puridinum bromide perbromide. Once generation is accomplished the available bromine can be brominated.
Course # Student name / Names of members of group Date: Exp # : Estimating the effects of acid rain Introduction: Precipitation that measures a pH value below 5.6 is generally considered as acid rain. Burning fossil fuels is the main reason for the elevated levels of gaseous oxides in a polluted atmosphere that in-turn forms acid rain. Gaseous oxides such as that of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus could dissolve in water to form an acidic solution. A generalized reaction sequence on the formation of acid rain is as follows; One of the determinants of clean water in the natural environment is its alkalinity. Alkalinity can be defined as the capacity to neutralize acids.
Halides Lab: Background information: Halide ions are reactive and useful. Salts are positively charged ions (metals) combined with any negative ions (nonmetal), and when placed in a solution (water) it separates into the cations and anions that made it up. The Purpose of this lab is to find out how the Halides react with the indicators, and to determine the identity of the two unknown solutions (A and B). Color of solutions prior to experiment: NaF | NaCI | KBr | KI | Unknown A | Unknown B | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | clear | Color of indicator prior to experiment: 5% Bleach (NaOCI) | 0.2 M Na2S2O3 | 0.1 M AgNO3 | 0.5 M Ca(NO3)2 | clear | clear | clear | clear | Halide solutions | NaF | NaCI | KBr | KI | unknown A | unknown B | Test 1: Ca(NO3)2 | Cloudy White (Nothing) | Clear | Nothing | light yellow (Nothing) | Nothing | Nothing | Test 2, Part A: AgNO3 | clear (Nothing) | Milky White | Gold (Cloudy yellow) | milky green (Cloudy yellow) | turned white, film developed on top layer | Milky | Test 2, Part B: add Na2S2O3 to test tube from part A | Dark Orange/brown | Clear | Dark Gold(precipitate yellow then clear) | milky green (no change) | white precipitation, settled on bottom | Milky | Test 3: NaOCI (Bleach) | Clear (Nothing) | Nothing | Nothing | Orange (Clear) | Nothing | Orange | Unknown A is identified as NaCI (Sodium Chloride), because in test#1 the solution turned a cloudy white color when Ca(NO3)2 (Calcium nitrate) was added. In the first part of test#2, when AgNO3 (Silver nitrate) is added, the solution turned white, with a thin layer of film developing on the surface.
al.). Some pollutants – for instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – can lead to life-threatening diseases in humans and wildlife, such as cancer (Harvey). Scientists use many different methods to remove these pollutants from water supplies; one of those methods is the utilization of adsorption onto a porous substance, normally charcoal. Due to numerous circumstances, scientists have begun searching for alternatives to charcoal, one of them being Bentonite clay. However, Bentonite clay cannot be easily removed from the water, so in this project the students were instructed to modify the clay to make it magnetic and then compare its effectiveness in absorbing a model PAH against charcoal.
Introduction: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that are suspected to be human carcinogens1. When found in the environment, they can be a threat not only to humans, but aquatic wildlife as well. They are often formed after agricultural products are made and also found in pavement sealants. It is very important to find a successful way to remove these contaminants from our water sources, and the use of Bentonite clay may be a good candidate. This is because Bentonite clay has adsorbing abilities due to its molecular shape.
LAB 5: Taking the A train Focus Question Amphoteric material can exhibit properties of a base as well as properties of an acid. In our experiment we combine Zinc and Iodine to create Zinc Hydroxide, which suppose to be Amphoteric. So in order to check if our substance is indeed amphoteric we will check its behavior when tested for Acidity and for Base. If in both case it will exhibit a positive results, we will reaffirm the assumption it is Zinc Hydroxide and amphoteric. Materials used: 2.00 Gr granule Zinc – grayish hard material, light, no smell.
TCB is relatively similar to Chlorobenzene in regards of being an essential part in the production of dye. TBC is also used as a dielectric fluid in transformers, and at one time used to kill termites (DHSS, 2010). Individuals who ingest drinking water containing TBC can be exposed to side effects such as neurological issues including nervousness, restlessness and/or weakness. Serious more critical side effects may also occur such as tremors, increased heart rate or blood pressure, digestive issues, weight loss, as well as headaches (DHSS, 2010). Individuals working at Ciba- Geigy Corporation may be been exposed to TBC by breathing since levels or exposure are highest where the chemical is made or used.