Fractional Distillation and its comparison to a control simple distillation was the main focus of this lab. The theory behind fractional distillation is fundamentally the separation of compounds. In this experiment we used cyclohexane and toluene as our compounds. Fractional distillation is used when the boiling points of two compounds are within close range to each other. Toluene and cyclohexane have a boiling point difference of 30 degrees Celsius.
My hypothesis for the experiment was that the optimum temperature for catalase to function is 98.6o F because this is the optimum temperature for the human body. The optimum pH level for the catalase function is 7 because the human’s optimum pH is 7. Materials and Methods Forceps Test Tubes Raw Liver Hydrogen Peroxide Test Tube Rack Gloves Goggles Pipette Waste Beaker Beakers Hot Plate Ice Bath Thermometer The procedure that we used to do the normal catalase activity was that we first transferred 2 ml of hydrogen peroxide solution into a clean test tube. Next we took
In this experiment, the freezing point for the solvent biphenyl will be determined theoretically and experimentally, as well as the verification of the freezing point depression equation for a solvent/solute mixture. Represented by the equation kf=RTf2MΔHf , the freezing point depression will be constant for a solvent despite whether a solute is involved in the experiment. The freezing point equation can later be used to calculate the temperature the solvent freezes represented by the equation, ΔTf=-ikfnsolutemsolvent . The freezing point of the solvent containing a nonvolatile electrolyte will be equal to the addition of the freezing point depression to temperature of the pure solvent and will always be lower than the freezing point of the pure solution. Because the freezing point depression is a colligative property, the higher the concentration of
Answer: b. Answer: c. Answer: d. Answer: 3. In an abandoned laboratory has been found a flammable liquid, A, in a bottle bearing only the label “Compound A: [pic].” Government agents have offered you a considerable sum to determine the structure of this compound. After verifying the molecular formula by elemental analysis, you find that Compound A reacts with 1 mol equiv of hydrogen; and, after treatment with acidic [pic], Compound A gives the dicarboxylic acid C (see below). Another bottle from the same laboratory is labeled “Compound B (isomer of A).” Compound B also reacts with 1 mol equiv of hydrogen, but yields cyclohexanone after treatment with acidic [pic].
The most common phase transition to ice Ih occurs when liquid water is cooled below 0°C. As a naturally occurring crystalline solid with an ordered structure, ice is considered a mineral. It possesses a regular crystalline structure based on the molecule of water, which consists of a single oxygen atom covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms, or H-O-H. Many of the physical properties of water and ice are controlled by the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent oxygen and hydrogen atoms. It is a weak bond, but is decisive in controlling the structure of both water and ice.
The chemical properties of neon include the fact that it is not reactive because it has a full outer shell, and therefore cannot gain or lose any electrons. Because of this, neon belongs to a group of elements called "noble gases." These are all gases which have a full outer shell and cannot react in nature. The period of neon is 2, and the group is 18. Neon has an atomic number of 10, and a mass of 20.180.
An ordinal scale describes a whole preorder of things; the scale importance is to have a total order. Ranked preferences only tell what one preference is over another, not how much more is desired. Quantitative traits are all calculable with interval scales, as some variation with the levels of an trait will be able to be multiplied by a real number to surpass or equivalent some other variation. A very well-known illustration of interval scale capacity is temperature with the Celsius scale. The thermometer signifies equal amounts of mercury between each interval on the scale.
Objective: The objective of the first lab is to use the graph of Pressure versus Temperature to estimate the value of Absolute Zero. Based on the Gay-Lussac’s Law, pressure is proportional to temperature; we are able to find the Absolute Zero when the pressure reaches zero. Conclusion: Our experimental result is -285.40 C. It means when pressure reaches zero, the temperature should reach -273.15 C, which is the value of Absolute Zero. Our experimental Absolute Zero value is fairly close to the accepted value, and the percentage error is 4.48%. One of the major sources of error in this experiment is that the volume of metal ball will rise while the surrounding water’s temperature rise.
B. Volumetric Glassware Volumetric flasks are designed to contain an accurate volume at the specified temperature (20oC or 25oC) when the bottom of meniscus (the concave curvature of the upper surface of water in a column caused by capillary action or surface tension) just touches the marked "fill" line across the neck of the flask. Pipets are used to transfer a particular volume of solution.There are two common types: • Volumetric (transfer pipet) 100-0.5 mL. • Measuring pipet (serological pipet) 25-0.1 mL. Volumetric ones are used for accurate measurements, because they are designed to deliver only one volume. Measuring pipets, on the other hand, are marked at different volume intervals and they are not as accurate as volumetric pipets.
Graphically, it would appear that Styrofoam is the best calorimeter because it remains steady throughout the trial, but this does not connect with the calculated calorimeter constants. Based on the calculations, the next best insulator after cloth towels is aluminum foil, and then paper towels. On the contrary, it would make more sense if Styrofoam was the next best insulator after the cloth towels based of the graphs. Conclusion: In conclusion, the purpose of the experiment was to determine which of several common substances are the best thermal insulating materials. From the data collected, it is observed that the best cup calorimeter out of all the given materials is ceramic.