Centralization vs Decentralization

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Main Points of Article: The department store retailer Macy’s announced a major restructuring earlier this week, resulting in a reduction of 7,000 employee positions and reducing expected annual expenses by $400 million. The firm will adopt a unified structure designed to reduce redundancy and streamline decision-making. In addition, Macy’s will decentralize decision-making by grouping all retail stores into 8 regions and 69 geographic districts. The intent of this initiative is to permit regional and district managers to tailor strategies designed to meet the needs of local consumers. Concepts/Theory: Factors affecting the shape of the hierarchy: horizontal differentiation and centralization. Problems with tall hierarchies: communication and bureaucratic costs. Span of control. Application of theory to article: Macy’s is dealing with an incredibly challenging retail sales environment and must alter its practices in order to survive. It has decided to centralize and reorganize operational divisions while at the same time, decentralizing retail operations and reorganizing them on a geographic basis. Prior to this change, the firm was horizontally differentiated based on geography. Four divisions, each with its own individual hierarchy of buying, planning, marketing and corporate functions existed side by side. Management decided to reorganize the divisional structure into one based on function. The new organization will have centralized divisions completely responsible for each individual function on a firm-wide basis. It is expected that this reorganization will eliminate duplication of efforts and remove one layer of management, thus resulting in a flatter organization. Communications will be improved and bureaucratic costs will be reduced. Simultaneously, the firm will reorganize the management of its individual stores with the goal of pushing decision making

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