With deficiency of aldolase B, fructose continues to be converted to F-1-P and results to a build up. • F-1-P also signals glucokinase to stay in the cell’s cytoplasm and continue to make Glucose-1-phosphate. • Phosphate stores gets depleted slowing ATP synthesis and gluconeogenesis is also delayed leading to a drop in blood sugar • Hypoglycemia hence manifest as nausea and vomiting, lethargy, trembling, coma, sweating, restlessness etc ATP Synthase • ATP synthase as an enzyme gives the cell energy necessary to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate) from ADP and phosphate • This is accomplished by creation of a transmembrane proton gradient as a result of electron transfer by NADH and FADH to the major complexes in electron transfer chain. H+ is pumped across the membrane. • As H+ re-crosses the membrane when the mechanism is reversed, ATP synthase takes the energy from H+ and use it in ATP
The extra fluids build up in the legs, lungs, liver and around the eyes. This condition is known as congestive heart failure (CHF). Cardiomyopathy is an acquired or inherited condition of the heart muscles. The heart muscles become thicker or enlarged thus decreasing the ability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body (American Heart Association, 2013). In this paper the writer describes the best approach to care for Mr. P, who is hospitalized with
This causes the enzyme to be denatured and stop chemical reactions to further occur. The change of pH disrupts the fragile hydrogen bond in the secondary structure of the enzyme, also resulting the change in the tertiary structure of the enzyme. When the enzyme is deformed, it does not match up with the molecules anymore; as a result, the reaction
The insulin that the Islets had been creating was being destroyed by proteolytic enzymes. These enzymes are located all throughout the pancreas, keeping the insulin from ever leaving. He then came to the conclusion that he needed to figure out how to extract the insulin before it was destroyed. In a rare case from 1920, Banting noticed an autopsy that showed that pancreatic stones had blocked the pancreatic duct but the Islets of Langerhans were unaffected. He speculated that if the pancreas was given time to degenerate, the secretion of the Islets of Langerhans could be extracted.
Hydrogen peroxide is also a dangerous, very potent by-product of metabolism, so it is essential that it is broken down quickly, otherwise it would cause damage to cells. Hypothesis I believe that as the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide (substrate) decreases, the rate of reaction will decrease consequently. This is because there will be fewer collisions between the substrate and enzyme molecules (catalase in yeast) – because there are fewer molecules of hydrogen peroxide, so there will be a decrease in enzyme-substrate complexes formed. The reaction will then stop because all of the active sites become saturated with substrate because the enzyme is the limiting factor. This will result in a decreased volume of oxygen being produced as one of the by-products of this reaction.
The second main reason that people should stop using steroids is, because it can kill them. There are many ways steroids can kill you. Steroids can cause liver failure, high blood pressure, cancer, strokes caused by blood clots and most of all major heart attacks. The reason people have heart attacks from steroid use is because it makes your blood to thick to pump through your heart, causing your heart to work much harder than normal, and then causing the person to have a heart attack. The third main reason that people should not use steroids is because it causes many other health problems in their life.
Muscular Dystrophy Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic disorder that weakens the muscles that help the body move. People that have muscular dystrophy have missing or incorrect information in their genes, which prevents them from making proteins for healthy muscles. Muscular Dystrophy weakens the muscles overtime, so whoever has the disease gradually lose the ability to do certain things, like walking or sitting up. Some people develop muscular dystrophy as adults, or they start having muscular problems as a baby. There are several different forms of muscular dystrophy, each of which weakens different muscle groups in various ways.
Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes develops when the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin. As a result the body is unable to produce insulin and this leads to increased blood glucose levels, which in turn can cause serious damage to all organ systems in the body. Often referred to as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes is a form of diabetes mellitus that is most common in children but can be diagnosed at any age. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that permanently destroys beta cells in the pancreas, meaning that the body can no longer produce insulin. People with type 1 diabetes therefore require regular insulin delivery to manage their diabetes.
There are two types of white blood cells which are lymphocytes and phagocytes. When a person is under a condition of negative stress, his/her immune system’s ability to fight off antigens would reduce which results him/her more susceptible to infections. For example, my appetite tends to decrease before the exam period due to my stress on understanding every topic. With the decreasing of my appetite, it leads to poor nutrition and lack of nutritional energy which is used to support immune functioning and the function of the entire body. Therefore, stress weakens my immune system.
They give organisms the energy we all need to move around and work. Our system needs the kind of fuel to retain balance in our bodies. For example, the nutritionists tell us to consume more complex sugars than simple sugars since it takes a longer time to digest. Without carbohydrates to fuel our bodies, fatigue will occur and our body systems and brain functions will shut down. Tissues will also break down and we would not function properly.