Bryce Hospital and Wyatt v. Stickney

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Bryce Hospital was founded in Tuscaloosa in 1859 as the Alabama Insane Hospital with help from Dorothea Dix, the Alabama Medical Society, the Alabama legislature, and Governor Henry Collier. A law was enacted in 1852 addressing six major areas: state financial support, asylum governance, site selection, facility construction, superintendent selection, and patient selection. A major flaw in the law stated that funding was to come from state annual revenue for the first five years, but what was to happen after the fifth year was never addressed (Encyclopedia of Alabama). The hospital was governed by a board of trustees, which was established to help the superintendent. The ones who had the most influence lived in or near Tuscaloosa County. The board was called on most often to convince the legislature to increase, or sometimes not cut altogether, funding for the hospital (Encyclopedia of Alabama). The trustees authorized the purchase of over 300 acres of land in Tuscaloosa to build the hospital on in 1852. The building was characterized by a center building with wings on each side. The wings had extensions attached by a cross hall and additional wings extending out the front and back. Construction began in 1853, but was interrupted by funding shortages. It was completed in 1859 and was the first building in the city with gas lighting and central heat (Encyclopedia of Alabama). Peter Bryce was a physician from South Carolina who studied mental health care in Europe. He worked in mental health care hospitals in New Jersey and South Carolina. In 1853 Dorothea Dix brought Bryce to the attention of the trustees. He was selected to be the new superintendent for the hospital and moved into a house on the AIH grounds with his wife when the hospital opened in 1861. Bryce instituted a new system called the moral approach system. This viewed patients as having both mental
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