Bowers and Seashore Leadership Theory

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Bowers and Seashore (1966) reviewed a factor that will identify an effective leadership factors. Based on their studies they synthesized a set of four factors which seems encompass the important findings of all the previous studies. The four factors are (1) support, which is comparable to the employee orientation and consideration, (2) interaction facilitation, which is the set of behavior aimed at promoting group interaction among subordinates, (3) goal emphasis, which is behavior that emphasizes getting the job done and is therefore part of what previously called production orientation, and finally (4) work facilitation, which is comparable to initiating structure and remaining aspects of production orientation. They found the relationship between the leader variables and effective performance, the work groups whose leaders where high on the four leadership factors tended to be more effective and productive than work groups whose leaders were not high on the four leadership factor. (Von, B & Gilber, 1977) 1. Support According to the Path-Goal Theory which is made by House and Dressler, 1974, supportive leadership behaviors include having courteous and friendly interactions, expressing genuine concern for the followers’ well-being and individual needs, and remaining open and approachable to followers. Path-goal theory uses the same basic assumptions as expectancy theory. At the most Fundamental level, the effective leader will provide or ensure the availability of valued rewards for followers (the goal) and then help them find the best way of getting there (the path). According to Berkman & Syme, 1979, having a network of close and supportive relationships with others is one of the powerful antidotes to stress. Also, social supports of various kinds can buffer the impact of job stress, and unit cohesion is believed to be a critical element of
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