* Teach the patient about the procedures associated risks and benefits, what to expect during the transfusion, signs and symptoms of a reaction, and when and how to call for assistance. * Check for an appropriate and patent vascular access. * Make sure necessary equipment is at hand for administering the blood product and managing a reaction, such as an additional free I.V. line for normal
Though the most obvious is the process of drawing blood, there are other areas of knowledge that a phlebotomist is expected to master, and these will generally be tested on phlebotomy certification exams. Skills that phlebotomist need are Conducting interviews with patients, Understanding proper patient identification procedures, Taking a patient's vital signs, Assessing the patient's physical condition, Selecting venous access sites, Understanding the order of draw for multiple-tube phlebotomy, Understanding the color coding of tubes, Labeling collection tubes, Understanding patient care following completion of venipuncture, and Performing chemical tests. (www.education-portal.com,
•If chest pain is present, have client lie down, monitor cardiac rhythm, give oxygen, run a strip, medicate for pain, and notify the physician. These actions can increase oxygen delivery to the coronary arteries and improve client prognosis. •Place on cardiac monitor; monitor for dysrhythmias, especially atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is common in heart failure. •Watch laboratory data closely, especially arterial blood gases and electrolytes, including potassium.
The physician will gain information from each of these tests to diagnose M.M. Blood coagulation studies screen for PE and also test to detect a prothrombotic state. ABG’s on room air will determine oxygenation of the tissues and pulmonary function. Continuous pulse oximetry is to ensure that he is profusing oxygen effectively and receiving as much oxygen as he needs. Chest x-ray will directly image blood clots causing blockages in the pulmonary arteries.
Safe Medication Administration Common causes of Medication Error’s Nurses are routinely asked to calculate dosage information and provide data entry services for medications and intravenous infusions. Assuming the physician's order and patient information are correct, there are three general possibilities for mistakes when administering IV medications via a pump: dosage miscalculation; transcription data entry error; and titration of the wrong medication. • Miscalculation Error: A miscalculation error can occur for any number of reasons, including the use of inaccurate parameters such as dose, weight, height, drug units, or solution volume. A misplaced decimal or missing number in this complex calculation can result in a calculation error
There are other mistakes made with dosages. This mainly occurs when the nurse transcribes the doctor’s orders to the MAR. Some medicines are prescribed in milligrams, but the medicine actually comes in micrograms or vice versa. These dosages are not the same, milligrams are larger than micrograms, and this could be disastrous, causing the nurse to overdose the patient, or not give enough to the patient. Following simple procedures while handing out medication the nurse can actually save someone’s life.
Compliance plans are used to find, correct, and prevent fraud and abuse in medical care facilities. Compliance plans correlate to different medical records by helping prevent mistreatment of a patient’s sensitive personal information. Compliance plans also help prevent fraud and abuse by a medical care facility’s staff. It is important for every member of the medical staff to properly follow the facility’s compliance plan to prevent civil or criminal litigation. If a facility fails to comply with the compliance plan they could face lawsuits from patient’s or fines from government agencies.
Other necessary measures will be performed over the next few minutes and hours depending on the condition of the newborn (Lowdermilk, Perry, & Cashion, 2010). Some of these procedures include the following: • Measurement of the temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, review of systems including reflexes • Measurement of weight, length, and head circumference to help determine if a baby's weight and measurements are normal for the number of weeks of pregnancy. • Umbilicus care - The baby's umbilical cord stub will have a clamp and needs to be kept clean and dry. • Bath - once a baby's temperature has stabilized a bath can be given. Nursing interventions for the normal newborn include airway maintenance, maintaining a sufficient oxygen supply and maintaining normal body temperature.
1) Blood safety and quality Regulations 2005: These regulations impose safety and quality requirements on human blood collection and storage. Group Mangagement of infection prevention policy: Policy to ensure adequate resources for infection prevention management inline wit activities. NPSA Right Blood Right Patient: This Safer Practice Notice (SPN) sets out measures to improve the safety of blood transfusions, including photo identification cards for regular patients and electronic tracking systems for patients and blood. Clinical policy for Venepuncture: Provides guidelines for all staff undertaking venepuncture procedures within Nuffield Health. It ensures that staff follow the policy to ensure that the sample is collected safely from the correct patient, is labelled correctly and transported safely.
Shortness of breath Congestive heart failure is diagnosed by physical signs and tests. With a medical history it would show if you have risk factors for CHF.Enlarge heart, swelling of the feet, abnormal heart sounds tenderness or swelling of the liver are the physical signs that is look for in heart failure.EKG, blood test chest x-ray, angiography is some of the tests you can get done to test for CHF. CHF can be treated in many different ways