On the other hand, the left might have wanted more control at the centre and more equality throughout France, but not the rural based leveling of Babeuf. In other words, there seemed to be no grey area, and no scope of reaching a compromise between any interest group to make the constitution work. Furthermore, the Electorate had a part to play as well due to its mounting cautiousness regarding the regime of the Directory. The electorate was ignored, despite the holding of annual elections. Them being left unheard and ignored contributed to the failure of the Directory because they did not recognise and acknowledge the voice of an important Republican body, the electorate.
Discuss the reasons for the failing in the creation of a successful liberal state in Spain during the 19th Century The 19th and early 20th century was a time of ‘complex division of the country into two broadly antagonistic social blocks’; between the traditional forces, such as the Church, who wanted society to remain the same, and the liberal forces, mainly intellectual bourgeoisie, who wanted to modernise Spain. (Paul Preston - A concise history of the Spanish civil war (Fontana press 1996). It was a situation, which could be argued, was destined for conflict as the politicians in charge of the country were beginning to adopt liberal ideas, and the majority of the population were still entrenched in their traditional values; God, Patria (Fatherland) and King. Despite the fact that ‘Liberalism’ was coined in the country, in 1812, Spain failed to become a successful liberal state during the 19th century. This essay will be addressing why Spain failed to make that transition to a Liberal state, focusing mainly on issues such as; the role of other institutions in preventing the triumph of liberalism, the weaknesses and failures of the liberals themselves and the economic and social realities of Spain at the time.
Another Major flaw was that “the country, whose president, Woodrow Wilson, had dreamt up the idea of the League - America -, refused to join it.” The league’s most powerful militaries Britain and France not only suffered casualties, but also economically as they were greatly in debt to the United States. Because of this neither country was enthusiastic to get involved in disputes that did not affect Western Europe. Therefore the League had no military might and could only enforce economic sanctions in hope that they worked against aggressive nations. All these flaws point to signs that the League of Nations was a failure. However, even though there were a few setbacks, the league was a success in many ways.
Heraclitus’s greatest claim in his theory on metaphysics is that the LOGOS is the key to understanding everything. This idea of the LOGOS was one that Anaxagoras expounded on, in particular “all things were one.” (Mckirahan 196, Fr. 13.1) In this paper I will address the ideas posited by Anaxagoras as they relate to Heraclitus’s ideas in their respective metaphysical theories. Moreover, I will focus on how Anaxagoras elaborated and in a sense corrected Heraclitus’s view on the nature of being. Anaxagoras’ ideas are in many ways similar to that of Heraclitus; however, there are some deviations that I will highlight in contrasting each philosopher’s theory on the nature of what is.
Also, another issue with the court system was all the power to the King. This was an issue because a large mass of people (The 3rd Estate) had no share in the government, which meant that the likelihood that they were unhappy was high; to make it worse, Louis XVI was not a great ruler. He was famous for the line, “The thing is legal because I wish it,” which basically means, “What I say goes,” which is not a good plan because there is no planning or foresight involved. Also, he used the lettres de cachet, which is like a warrant where any critic of the government would receive a letter that
In general, many believe that Dada was not art, it was anti-art. For everything that art stood for, Dada was to represent the complete opposite. Where art suppose to have a meaning to it, Dada art was absolutely meaningless. During the first world war, Dada was a way to express the confusion that was felt by many people as their world was turned upside down. Lets take the most famous Dada artists Marcel Duchamp for example.
The French saw Nasser as encouraging the Algerians to intensify their war against France (Rogan, p.298). By 1970 Nasser had overplayed his hand in trying to build a Pan-Arab hegemony under himself and everything he had built came crumbling down. One important event that weakened the momentum of Pan-Arab nationalism was Iraq`s decision to stay out of the United Arab Republic formed by Egypt and Syria. Without the excitement and power that the addition of Iraq might have brought to the United Arab Republic, Egypt and Syria were left to the tedious job of making their hybrid state work (Rogan p.317). A not so easy job after all.
But failure to achieve what he considered to be proper recognition for this work left him with a feeling of persecution. Marat published several books on philosophical and political themes, the most important of which was The Chains of Slavery, in which he voiced his denunciation of royal despotism, a defense of the sovereignty of the people, and sympathy for the poor and downtrodden which he never abandoned (“Marat, Jean Paul”). The events leading up to the French Revolution, specifically the reopening of the Estates-General, gave Marat the opportunity to express his disapproval of the Ancien Regime through journalism. He voiced radical ideas while other newspapers still published very liberal points of view. His writings dwelt on many of the same principles of Abbe Sieyes’ pamphlet, “What is the Third Estate?”, denouncing the aristocracy and advocating for the rights of the lower class (“Jean-Paul Marat”).
Source 1 highlights the main factor in this controversy, the Flight to Varennes, and underlines its significance as the ‘most immediate consequence’ in Louis reign as King. The Flight itself on the 17th June 1791 showed that the king could not work with the National Assembly and that it proved he didn’t support the revolution. Sutherland reveals in the source that the Flight directly led to the failure of the Monarchy stating it had ‘momentous and extensive consequences’. He also emphasises the ‘decline in popularity of the King’, that ‘showed he could no longer be trusted’, and
These ideas and questionings staged the fight for equality from the third estate, with the help of the social elites (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) that contributed to the break down of the social order. One of the most effective events that occurred to lead up of the revolution was the formation of the Estates General. Under Louis XV, France became bankrupt due to heavy borrowing and could not cover the costs to run the country, so the King called a meeting of representatives of the three social classes of France. The calling of the Estates General required the electing of two deputies and the drawing up dossiers of grievances to be presented at the meeting at Versailles. These “grievances” however, were not demands,