The Methods Behind Targeted Chemotherapy Emily A. Abstract The use of the drug Cisplatin through the method of isolated infusion is the ideal use of targeted chemotherapy. Cisplatin works by molecularly targeting the guanine base in DNA, but if it were given through a general IV it would bond with all cells with guanine bases and not exclusively the cancerous cells. Therefore when the drug is administered through isolated infusion (a form of targeted delivery) it will only affect the ‘isolated’ cancerous area. This method of chemotherapy is controversial because if the procedure is not properly conducted the Cisplatin will spread and healthy organ systems could be destroyed. Yet the benefits outweigh the risks by far because if the procedure is done correctly all the cancerous cells in that isolated area will be eliminated entirely.
Scientists have successfully prolonged the lives of test subjects like flies, worms, and rodents. It is predicted that one day, this technology will be applicable for humans as well. Several methods of extending life include the use of caloric restriction, or genetic engineering. The key to achieving biological immortality lies in the aging process. Scientists have searched for the mechanisms responsible for aging, or the natural deterioration of the cells of our body, and have attempted to either stop these processes, or at least slow them down (Andrade 9).
These different theories are put into categories called models. A model is a concrete framework that combines a topic and provides a way of thinking about it and investigating its usefulness. Therefore models are both useful and powerful. Once accepted, a model guides the research of scientists and directs the diagnosis and treatments of patients. Since the 19th century, the leading model of health and illness has been the biomedical model.
Biological Psychology Worksheet Sandra Rodriguez PSY/340 Biological Foundation in Psychology 09/30/2012 Lisa Briand Biological Psychology Worksheet What is biological psychology? Biology is defined as the study of life (from the Greek bios meaning ‘life’ and logos meaning ‘study’). Psychology is defined as the study of the mind so therefore, the definition of biological psychology defines the study as “bringing, together biology and psychology to understand behavior and thought” (Psychology Glossary). Biological psychology is a school of thought that looks at the body to explain what’s going on in the mind. In general to researchers, it’s the study of relationships between behavior and any other body functioning; a link between behavior and the brain or even behavior and the mind.
Cancer is believed as a compilation of related diseases. This happens when the body’s cells starts to divide non-stop and spread into the surrounding tissues. The human body is made of cells that grow and divide to form a new cell in the body. The old cells become damaged and eventually die. But this is not the case once cancer will starts.
Factors that Affect Endocrine Function Everyone's body undergoes changes, some natural and some not, that can affect the way the endocrine system works. Some of the factors that affect endocrine organs include aging, certain diseases and conditions, stress, the environment, and genetics. Aging Despite age-related changes, the endocrine system functions well in most older people. However, some changes occur because of damage to cells during the aging process and genetically programmed cellular changes. These changes may alter the following: ›hormone production and secretion ›hormone metabolism (how quickly hormones are broken down and leave the body) ›hormone levels circulating in blood ›target cell or target tissue response to hormones ›rhythms in the body, such as the menstrual cycle For example, increasing age is thought to be related to the development of type 2 diabetes, especially in people who might be at risk for this disorder.
Harrison Pajovich Mrs. Valloor Career Exploration 7 May 2012 Biomedical Engineer Biomedical engineers apply engineering principles and medicinal science to improve healthcare. This includes researching, designing and developing medical products, such as joint replacements or robotic surgical instruments. Biomedical engineers also design and modify equipment for clients with special needs and work in rehabilitation settings. Biomedical Engineering originated during World War II. Biologists were appointed to do work on advances in radar technology.
Some Important Preferences and Consequences of Genetic Mapping Genetic mapping is a process of identifying and locating the position of chromosomes to form a genetic map. It is a sequence of genetic loci for a particular genome. In order to develop a genetic map, a gene is isolated by a restriction enzyme through laboratory techniques from a given blood sample to examine it for unique patterns of bases. Genetic maps are used successfully in finding a single gene responsible for inherited disorders and traits. It is also helpful in improving the knowledge of gene expression and to discover possible means of diagnosis and treatment of genetic diseases.
If a B cell has an antigen on its surface, there is a risk that a T cell will recognise the antigen and attack it together with the B cell. This does not happen because T cells are able to recognise “self” molecules that are on the surface of B cells. Every person has their own particular "self" molecules, so there are millions of different B cells. They are like personal identity used to identify cells to T lymphocytes. This means that, in the case of organ transplants, T cells can recognise cells that have come from a different body and so help B cells to destroy them.
Because they create movement within the cell, both the cell as a whole and its subcellular components have the ability to move from one place to another (Kleinsmith & Kish, 1988) [pic](W.H.Freeman & company, 2000) Patients who suffer from Parkinson’s disease have a protein called alpha-synuclein in their brain. The toxic effects from this protein damages neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Study shows that these neurons can be kept protected by inhibiting the action of an enzyme called SIRT2. Microtubules help transport objects within cells and it is known that SIRT2 acts on a huge component of microtubule in order to inhibit its action. Research has shown that inhibition of SIRT2 has lead to microtubule-dependent transportation of alpha-synuclein into large quantities.