Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the roots of leguminous plants reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium using ATP and reduced NAD. The ammonium ions released into the soil are oxidised by nitrifying bacteria firstly to nitrite, and then to nitrate. This oxidation increases the nitrogen content in the soil which plants can use to produces many useful molecules including amino acids, proteins, DNA and ATP. The formation of these ions forms part of the ecological nitrogen cycle which plays a key role in sustaining life on this planet. Plants are the producers for an ecosystem.
For instance Carbon Dioxide from the atmosphere is synthesized by plants, which is ingested and metabolized by animals, which is converted to Carbon Dioxide during respiration and decay. Humans remove over 40% of the photosynthetic that effort plants in order to support human enterprises. When humans burn fossils fuels that increases the atmosphere Carbon Dioxide by 35%, then during the combustion stage the present of air (oxygen), Carbon Dioxide and water molecules are release into the atmosphere. Human has an impact on the Phosphorus Cycle as well as the Carbon Cycle. The Phosphorus Cycle is representative of the cycle of all biologically important mineral nutrients-those elements that have their origin in the rock and soil minerals of the Lithosphere, such as iron, calcium, and potassium.
There is another type of organism that cleans up after the others, and they are called detritivores. Detritivores (or decomposers) use energy from waste or dead organisms, and they complete the cycle by returning nutrients back into the soil or carbon dioxide to the air. The number of trophic levels is limited by the amount of energy available, which is always set. Trophic levels can include tertiary consumers, quaternary consumers, and so on until there is no longer any more energy available for the biggest and neediest consumers. Energy starts from the resource, which would be the sun in almost all cases.
The tissue takes in carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. There are three different kinds of tissue types like the dermal, ground, and vascular. The dermal tissue is made of tightly together cells that make a covering which is used to help prevention of water loss called epidermal cells. Ground tissue has commonly found parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells in itself. Vascular tissue has the job to transport the food, water, hormones, and other minerals inside the
Some of runoff enters rivers flowing water towards ocean where water cycle had started. Another cycle which is part of the ecosystem is the nitrogen cycle. All living organisms require a source of nitrogen from which to manufacture proteins, nucleic acids and other nitrogen containing compounds. Plants take up most of nitrogen they need in form of nitrate (NO3- ) ions from the soil. Ammonification is the production of ammonia from organic compounds such as urea.
Phosphate comes from a rock that gradually breaks down and will release other ions. Human impacts phosphorus cycle by using phosphorus containing fertilizers to make animal feed, detergents, and other products. This cycle is a common limiting factor in soils and added to croplands to greatly stimulate the production. When this cycle moves from the soil and gradually makes it way to the ocean, it creates problems such as water pollution. The Nitrogen cycle has similarities to the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle.
Water is used in photosynthesis by plants, which produce oxygen - this reaction is vital for the earth as the oxygen produced is used by humans to breath Water is used in coal powered electricity stations. The coal is burned which boils the water. The water becomes steam, which turns the turbine, activating the generator, then producing the electricity. Because water can also exist as a vapor it can be stored into the atmosphere and be delivered as rain across the planet. Water makes up 90% of the earth’s atmosphere and the other 20% is land Our bodies are about 60 percent water [source: Mayo Clinic].
Some of the dissolved carbon dioxide remains in the water, the warmer the water the less carbon dioxide remains in the water. Some carbon dioxide is used by algae and phytoplankton through the process of photosynthesis. In the natural carbon cycle, there are two main processes which occur: * Photosynthesis = plants use carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. * Metabolism = oxygen is used and carbon dioxide is a product Humans impact the carbon cycle during the combustion of any type of fossil fuel, which may include oil, coal, or natural gas. Fossil Fuels were formed very long ago from plant or animal remains that were buried, compressed, and transformed into oil, coal, or natural gas.
And the last step is tertiary treatment, where all organic ions, particularly ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate are removed (Abdel-Raouf et al., 2012; de-Bashan & Bashan, 2004). This treatment can be accomplished by the use of bacterial sludge, wetlands, hydroponics and algal cultivation. Biological treatment is interesting due to nutrient assimilation into green biomass (de-Bashan & Bashan, 2010; Larsdotter, 2006). Microalgae in wastewater treatment were firstly used by William Oswald (Oswald et al., 1852). The role of algae was to assimilate plant nutrients and to support bacteria with oxygen.
How carbon in the atmosphere is added to rocks and is gone back through the atmosphere? The movement of carbon between the atmosphere and the lithosphere (rocks) begins with rain. This is where atmospheric carbon combines with water to form a weak acid – carbonic acid – that falls to the surface in rain. The acid dissolves rocks – a process called chemical weathering – and releases calcium, magnesium, potassium, or sodium ions. The rivers then carry the ions on to the sea.