When the neurons get damaged and no longer function efficiently the resulting limitations differ, depending on which side of the brain is damaged. The right side of the brain will cause problems understanding things, and recognizing people and things. Damage in the left side of the brain has been seen to cause by depression, and problems with speech. 1.4 How other factors can cause changes in an individual’s condition that may not be attributable to dementia A variety of
Bell's Palsy The pathophysiology of Bell's Palsy is not fully understood. The facial nerve travels through the facial canal, a part of the temporal bone. One theory is that “Given the tight confines of the facial canal, inflammatory, demyelinating, ischemic, or compressive processes may impair neural conduction at this site” (medscape). Injury to the facial nerve is thought to occur near the geniculate ganglion, peripheral to the nerve's nucleus. If the injruy occurs proximal to the geniculate ganglion, paralysis is accompanied by gustatory and autonomic problems.
It is understood to be a disorder of pain processing and sensitivity. As described before serotonin, catecholamines, and dopamine all have a role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Abnormal functions of the stress response system of the body and the central nervous system are both to blame for fibromyalgia. The serotonin levels within the body have a large role, as this neurotransmitter helps to control pain. Fibromyalgia is often present when an individual has low levels of this specific neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the parasympathetic (rest and digest) and the sympathetic (fight or flight) nervous system. 16. Atropine was administered in the ED as part of Dr. Westwood’s care. What effect did it have on his vitals after it was administered? Atropine acts as an antagonist within the central nervous system, which means it acts as a blocker of specific cellular functions.
The temporal lobe which is responsible for vision, memory, language, hearing and learning is affected. 1.3 Explain why depression, delirium and age related memory impairment may be mistaken for dementia. Answer: Conditions such as depression, delirium and age related memory impairment could be mistaken as dementia as they show similar symptoms such as finding it difficult to make decisions, memory loss, low in mood and confusion, extreme emotions such as fear, anxiety, anger or depression, becoming easily distracted, low attention span, urinary incontinence and being withdrawn, with little or no activity or little response to the environment 2.1 Outline the medical model of dementia. Answer: The medical model relates to the clinical approach and treatment of
Describe the mechanism(s) by which strokes occur. Cerebrovascular Accident- condition in which brain tissue is deprived of blood supply. The most common stroke symptoms are: • Numbness or weakness (paresis) of the face, arm, or leg, sometimes only on one side; • Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech (aphasia) • Trouble seeing • Trouble walking or dizziness; loss of balance or coordination (ataxia) • Severe headache with no known cause 1. Ischemic stroke (~83%)- blood vessel supplying brain tissue is blocked by a blood clot a. cerebral thrombus b. cerebral embolism 2. Hemorrhagic stroke (~17%)- A blood vessel breaks open, causing blood to leak into the brain 3.
There could be some damage to the central nervous system but not very severe or the symptoms that Nick exhibits would be more severe. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex arc is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation? The component of the reflex arc that is most likely to be damaged in Nick’s situation would begin at the sensory neuron. Stimuli is still triggering the receptor but the information from the sensory neuron doesn’t continue the arc to the integrating centers to the motor neurons to the effectors which causes the absence of a reflex.
A fracture of a bone may mean that it does not heal quickly or may become infected which can restrict movement of a person’s hand or leg for example which makes it difficult for moving around. Stiff, painful, swollen and inflamed joints are the result of arthritis and can restrict movement. 1.3- Reduced mobility can affect an individual’s well-being. Physically, reduced mobility can result in blood clots, stiffness of joints, swelling of feet and ankles, pressure sores these can be very painful for the individual. Emotionally, an individual may feel depressed, low in themselves and negative.
. Disruption of this blood supply usually leads to a wide range of deficits, knocking out neighbouring regions that often have different functions16. On the other hand, owing to the redundancy of the human brain, small lesions that only partially damage a module might not lead to any obvious behavioural
- Some people hear a hissing or roaring sound. Subjective tinnitus is a kind of tinnitus that can only be heard by the patient, which can be caused by ear problems, auditory nerve issues, and disturbances in the auditory pathways. Objective tinnitus is a kind of tinnitus that can also be heard by a physician during an examination. Objective tinnitus is rare and may be caused by multiple factors, such as problems with the blood vessel, condition related to the middle ear bone or muscle contractions. Other possible causes include exposure to noise, diseases, drugs, stress, and head injuries.