Shallow ecologists believe that different aspects of the natural world are interconnected, so the way that we treat nature should take this into account. Subsequently, they believe that the existing political and economic structures must be transformed so that they place environmental issues at the centre of their concerns. They
Functionalism is a macro theory, which looks at society as a whole rather than focuses on each individual. It is a theory that concentrates on the harmony between social institutions in society that is based on a consensus view rather than a conflict view as a Marxism theory. As a comparison to society as a whole, Functionalists use an organic analogy as an example. Each organ of the human body has a different job to do and if one part became ill or diseased, the rest could be contaminated or will produce changes in other parts. Similarly the operation of any society is dependent on its social institutions as they provide vital functions which maintain harmony, stability and solidarity within a society.
We developed independently, as nature intended us to be and our social environments have a minimal impact on this development, (Howe, 1995). A nurture viewpoint however, asserts that it is the environments in which we are raised, in particular our social environments that shape and influence our development, personalities and character traits (Crawford, 2003). Our understanding and knowledge of the world and people develops as we experience and interact with them. As Howe (1995: 11) states; “We are the products of our experience.” In recent years and according to Howe et al (1995) theories of development have become increasingly seen in the light of a ‘psychosocial domain,’ A perspective that takes nature and nurture viewpoints together, focusing on the
The ecological perspective can be traced back to biological theories which explain how organisms adapt to their environments (Hutchison, 2013). It is often said that we are a product of our environment; we live what we learn. As we look at the Walls family that statement may not apply to all the family members. In social work practice, applying an ecological approach can be best understood as looking at persons, families, cultures, communities, policies, and to identify and intervene upon strengths and weaknesses in the transactional processes between these systems: complex relationships between living things and their environment, mutual dependence. Each part needs each other; each takes from and gives to the environment (Campbell, 2013).
This paper explains how Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development has shaped my development and how these levels influenced my decision to pursue my life’s passion. Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development is a theory that is relevant to the lives of all persons. A person’s development is affected by their environment and those relationships are how Bronferbrenner explained his five models of systems. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory suggests an approach that recognizes the significance of a child’s environment during growth, with the interaction factors between the child and their environment routing and fueling the development (McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, & McWhirter, 2013). The Ecological Theory believes that a person’s development is reflective of five environmental systems (1) microsystem, (2) mesosystem, (3) exosystem, (4) macrosystem, and (5) chronosystem (McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, & McWhirter, 2013).
Next is the social cognitive theory, created by Albert Bandura. The cognitive social theory is the belief that people are flexible enough to learn from behaviors, people can regulate their own lives, people can control the nature and quality of their own lives, people can control their own behavior through external and internal factors, and when people are morally misunderstood they try to blame someone else or not take responsibility for the action or behavior (Feist & Feist, p. 478). The final theory is the cognitive social learning theory by Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel. Their theory is the belief that cognitive factors influence the way people respond to environmental forces (Feist & Feist, p.
The environmental ethics is a biological objective that challenge the separation of science and ethics (1991, Holmes Rolston). Environmental ethics has a way to escape relativism of ethics, and have a way to give up on cultural ethics. The individuals in the world has their view on ethics as our culture and heritage with the natural existence of the human culture. Environmental ethics is a mix up of culture because the evaluation of nature and wild nature individuals interact
In particular, modeling is complemented through the application of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation (Engler, 2008). The theorists attributed for the development of social learning theory is Albert Bandura. Through his work, the theory developed from pointing as environment as the sole instrument to shaping behavior through the collaboration of other factors such as cognitive and behavioral factors. The interaction of the three elements provides the necessary process to advance social learning and personality
These big ideas can be categorized under social thinking, social influence, or social relations. The idea that we construct our social reality falls under social thinking, it describes the natural human urge to explain behavior, by attempting to attribute it to a cause, in order to make it seem orderly, predictable, and controllable (Myers, 2010). According to social psychology our social intuitions are powerful and sometimes perilous, suggesting that the human ability to understand something immediately, molds or influences behavior because it also shapes fears, attitudes, impressions, and relationships (Myers, 2010). It is also believed that social influences shape behavior as does behavior shape social influences. Myers (2010) provides an example as to how behavior is shaped by social influences making humans social creatures, “We speak and think in words we learned from others (Social psychology, p. 7).
This is the study of an individual's behavior in its truest form, from an outside observance. It also correlates with the influence of the environment on an individual's behavior, which leads us to the sub-field, Environmental Psychology. The Cognitive Perspective shows up next in our reading, and involves how we as humans perceive the world, and how our understanding of it influences our behavior. The sub-field Experimental Psychology is appropriate for this perspective. Lastly we have the Humanistic Perspective.