Skinner – Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior.
Cite: Terry v. Ohio: 392 U.S. 1, 88 s. ct. 1868, 20 L. Ed. 2d 889 (1968) Fact: Police officer became suspicious of the activity of two men on a corner. One would leave the other and walk past some stores paused and looked in the window walked a little distance, turned around and walked back to the corner. The second man walked past the same store and looked in the window then went back to the corner. They repeated this ritual five or six times.
P1-Explain the principal psychological perspectives In this assignment I will be explaining the psychological perspectives and outline the main points and will talk about all the conditioning such as operant conditioning and classical conditioning. I will describe the learning theories used by the physiologists to outline the behaviouristic approach, psychodynamic approach, humanistic approach and biological approach. Behaviourist psychologist Pavlov (classical conditioning) and Skinner (operant conditioning) are the main two thinkers which are related to this type of perspective. We can understand the behaviour an individual has learnt by just looking at them. Human behaviour is the result of experience.
Victor was looking at his father drinking alcohol and making a fool of himself, not knowing what to say or do. Victor Just lashed out showing all his anger by throwing unopened beer bottles at the house. Victor was showing that he was feed up with everything between his father and mother. He’s father did not see the anger in Victor. He was so messed up and confused with drinking and the problems he had of his own.
He describes this very casually, as though he expected it to happen and was not angry at this reaction what so ever. In another part of the short story, he describes venturing into a 7-11 at three in the morning, where an older white man is working. He immediately recognizes that the clerk is uneasy and must be troubled by his long black hair and dark skin, thinking that he must be dangerous. It seems that in his everyday life, he expects these reactions from white people. He assumes he will be feared and questioned, even when he is simply driving his car in a residential neighborhood.
He couldn’t find him but he seen us and started walking towards us. A cop was around and started yelling “leave, keep walking.” My friend started yelling back and swearing but still continue to walk away. The cop follows him still arguing with him about his “mouth” and how he is trying to be a tough guy of course my guy friend is still talking back. I remember saying officer were leaving and out of nowhere I see the cop just grab him by the neck and pinned him down. My friend was arrested and left with some marks.
He explains the fear he felt when he heard the term since he was homosexual himself. He felt threatened and targeted immediately upon hearing this word. In time he realized the teenagers using the word did not even notice his existence. It was then Jonathan realized that it is not the prejudice words that are dangerous; it is the violence the stereotyped to represent. Jonathan explains that the time and energy wasted on sorting out these various contexts and then trying to eliminate the words takes away from actually eliminating physical violence and criminals.
They both were handcuffed against their car for no valid reason. When the officer asked if it was okay to search his car the General wasn’t okay with it but the police didn’t respect his decision
Deviance in Social Norms How people react to deviations of their daily routines and social norms can be both interesting, and in my opinion, quite comical. Deviance, by definition, “refers to behavior that violates social norms or to persons that engage in such behavior”. (Orcutt 2004, p1) Studying the social norms or standards about deviant behaviors has shown me how un-tolerated it can be. Breaking American social norms, such as shopping out of other people’s carts instead of off of the designated shelves for merchandise, can create anger and havoc in otherwise peaceful people. Each of the reactions to my deviant behavior of shopping out of another’s cart was met with anguish.
From then on he starts to notice that people was stereotyping every where he went, when walking at night he noticed people crossing on the other side of the street not wanting to come into contact with him. The character now realizes how big of a problem stereotyping can be. A young black man 19 years of age, 6’ 8, backpack, khaki shorts, black shirt; comes out of a corner store only to be surprised by a group of cop cars. The policemen get out of the cars pointing their