Beer-Lambert Law Essay

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Introduction: The Beer-Lambert law is a relationship between, absorbance and the concentration of the absorbing species. The proportion of light radiation passing through it is called the transmittance, T, and the proportion of light absorbed by molecules in the medium is absorbance, Abs. The formula is written as A is the measured absorbance, is a wavelength-dependent absorptivity coefficient, l is the path length, and c is the analyte concentration. When working in concentration units of molarity, the Beer-Lambert law is written as: The A, Absorbance is equal to Log10 of Initial light I ⃘ source divided by the absorbed light I. This also can be equated to epsilon x l x c as described on the bottom. The limitation of the Beer-Lambert Law is that the absorbance can’t be used to make comparisons, thus concentration is important. For example, a highly concentrated solution will produce a higher absorption due to the high molecule interaction. However a highly diluted solution will produce a rather lower absorption due to the lack of molecules to interact with. Materials: Benzene, Cyclohexane, Unknown solution U1.2, 0.1M potassium thiocynate, Acetone, 3M sulphuric acid, 10-3 M ferric sulphate in 1M sulphuric acid Procedures: Determination of benzene: Record the spectrum of cyclohexane alone over the range 230 - 270 nm. Make up a stock solution by making 0.5 cm3 benzene up to 25 cm-3 with cyclohexane, taking 0.5 cm-3 of this solution and again making up to 25 cm-3. From this stock solution, prepare the following standard solutions for calibration: Solution 8 cm-3 stock solution, make up to 10 cm-3 6 cm-3 stock solution, make up to 10 cm-3 4 cm-3 stock solution, make up to 10 cm-3 2 cm-3 stock solution, make up to 10 cm-3 1 cm-3 stock solution, make up to 10 cm-3 Using cyclohexane as a reference, record

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