While the main roads and shopping centres are relatively out of the way in Dee Why, that is not the case for Collaroy. Pittwater Rd runs parallel to the beach for over a kilometre, merely 120 metres from the shoreline. This leaves very little room on the eastern side of the road for construction. Yet buildings have still been erected with permission from Warringah Council, and this is where the real problem stems from; the fact that the initial sub-division was too close to the beach with properties extending into the active beach zone. The Flight Deck building, Collaroy In addition to the houses being unsafe to live in, they are also damaging the beach itself.
I am going to find out whether the wave height and wave frequency determines the type of wave. There are two different types of waves and they are constructive waves and destructive waves. Constructive waves have a stronger swash and have a weaker backwash. Constructive waves deposits sediments and it forms the beach. Destructive waves have a stronger backwash and have a weaker swash.
Exam Question – Referring to a stretch of coast, explain the factors that have led to this coast suffering from erosion (10 marks) Many factors have led to erosion on the Holderness coast, in North East England. These may have been processes that have been taking a while, or something that occurs suddenly. There are three main reasons for the rapidly eroding coastline at Holderness; the geology, the fetch and longshore drift and beach material. The Holderness Coast is mainly two rock types; chalk and boulder clay. Chalk is fairly resistant and at places like Flamborough Head, it produces features such as cliffs, caves, arches and stacks.
At North Cronulla concrete footpaths were built on existing sand dunes. However, the natural process of sand erosion caused by the waves hitting the beach undermined the pathways and they started to collapse. To halt the erosion large river stones were placed underneath the length of the path to create a base on which interlocking honeycomb shaped bricks were concreted into place. A continuous sloping retainer wall was built that is approximately 330 metres long. The retainer wall has remained in place because it withstands the continual flow of water and wind erosion.
Floods and storm surges pose a threat to this seaside town. Like the 1953 floods which killed 7 people. Because of the floods, several breakwaters were installed. This has lead up to the wide sandy beach which has retained its Blue Flag award. If there is a flood risk, then the flood gates can be closed.
F6 is the grain supported packstone and is back into storm conditions in the deeper marine environment. Finally F7 is representative of storm conditions with the large rugose corals, rip-up clasts and abundance of other bioclasts. Likely this is moving into another shallowing up sequence indicated by the appearance of sparite instead of micrite. These higher energy facies are clearly a lighter gray than the black micrite layers and there is a gradational change in color as the unit moves through the shallowing upward sequence. The 2 transects measured are separated by a fault; the bedding features and undulating contacts generally remain constant laterally but the transect on the south side of the fault had somewhat thicker beds which probably indicate beds pinching out
The Garbage Patch was formed by a bunch of reasons as though you suppose. It is said that it was a result of marine pollution gathered by ocean currents in the Pacific. The Garbage Patch occupies the North Pacific Ocean and the North Pacific Gyre. Because of the gyre’s direction that it moves in the waste gets drawn into and the garbage cant get out of the current. As the garbage is caught in the currents wind currents move the floating debris to the center making the garbage unable to get out of the center.
There is the main point of erosion which is corrasion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action. Corrasion is when waves carry debris (such as rocks, sand and pebbles). This is then hurled against the cliff face as the wave breaks on the cliff this will cause the cliff face to then crack and break off over a period of time. These fragments are then picked up by the wave and hurled against the cliff face; the process repeats itself with the new
9) Ocean and river waves break down rocks creating sand. (True / False) 10) In general when rocks are subject to the forces of erosion, older rocks are usually (smoother / rougher) in texture. 11) How can tree roots both speed-up and slow down erosion? Explain and give examples of
Table 1 summarizing observations from the site reports Sites rampanalgas mayaro Manzanilla sea wall Manzanilla cocal Summarized observations - Beach was undulating - Had a lot of debris on the backshore - Two rivers, one joining with the ocean and one that was not - Turtle eggs as well as trash found near the bus - Manmade fence on left side of beach - Houses on far end of road - Mangrove in the river with presence of crabs - Rough waves - High human impact ( lifeguard hut with many houses on backshore with high presence of people) - Compact sand with many shells - Low waves - 4 boats and a sedge - Sea wall built from boulders - Low presence of people - Thick sand - Busy road close to the sea wall - Presence of dogs - High amount of vegetation above sea wall - Very foamy water - Gently sloping - Sea weed, turtle eggs and debris observed - Water very murky and brown - Presence of litter - Low development and low presence of people Table 1 shows the observations from the site report in a summarized version, showing the most noticeable and important observations which will help in the analysis below. Figure 1 showing litter distribution in the beaches Figure 2 showing the amount of litter in all four beaches It was expected that mayaro will have the greatest litter content out of all four beaches due to the greatest human impact in the area, however both rampanlgas and manzanilla cocal showed the greatest litter content. This may be due to the fact that mayaro is used for recreational use and has a number of beach houses in the backshore, and therefore there may be cleanup crews that may search the beach for litter and remove it in order to maintain a sanitary setting for visiting individuals who come to stay in the houses behind, or just to swim in the ocean. However rampanalgas (which had one of the greatest content of litter)