How and why Bandura’s research on imitative aggression can be relevant for parents. Purpose of this report: • summarise Bandura and briefly explain his experiment on imitative aggression • identify the findings on imitative aggression • beneficial effects of Bandura’s research for parents Background Albert Bandura is a Canadian psychologist, working at Stanford University in USA, where in 1961 he and his colleagues conducted well known and influential Bobo Doll experiment on a group of ninety-six children of age between 3 and 6. The purpose of this experiment was to examine if children would imitate aggressive actions carried by another person or character. Moreover, Bandura wanted to find out what factors would influence children’s behaviour thus he divided children by gender (Oates, 2012, p.109) and introduce them to three different variations: a real-life person, a human-film person, and a “cartoon”-film person, which were called ‘models’ (Assignment Booklet, 2013, p.11). Also, models in first two groups were divided by gender.
For example, one survey of serious and violent young male offenders incarcerated in Florida showed that one fourth of them had attempted to commit a media-inspired copycat crime(surette,2002).A significant proportion of those teenage offenders noted that they paid close attention to the media. 3. According to psychologist Albert Bandura observational learning is learning by watching the behaviour of another person, or model. Bandura dramatically demonstrated the ability of models to stimulate learning in a classic experiment. In this study, young children saw a film of an adult widely hitting a five-foot-tall inflatable punching toy called a Bobo doll (Bandura, Ross, 1963a, 1963b).later the children were given the opportunity to play with the Bobo doll themselves, and sure, most displayed the same kind of behavior, in some cases mimicking the aggressive behavior almost identically.
(eds) Investigating psychology, Milton Keynes, The open University. Simon Says An innocent Parlour game or something more sinister, a look at how adults and the media can effect children’s behaviour Introduction “Children grow up so quickly nowadays”. How often have we heard this statement? However do we ask WHY? We have all played games where the child mimics another, Simon Says or Follow the leader are playful activities which are also
Sesame Street is an American children's television program known for its combination of Jim Henson's The Muppets, animation, short films, humor, and cultural references. It premiered on public broadcasting television stations on November 10, 1969, to positive reviews, some controversy, and high ratings. It was the first preschool educational television program to base its contents and production values on laboratory and formative research, and the first to include a curriculum "detailed or stated in terms of measurable outcomes". [1] Sesame Street was conceived in 1966 during discussions between television producer Joan Ganz Cooney and Carnegie Foundation vice president Lloyd Morrisett. Their goal was to create a children's television show
The report aims to: • Summarise the findings of Bandura et al (1963) on how children imitate aggressive behaviour that they have observed by another person in real life or in the media. • Give advice to parents of children on how violence observed by children in real-life or in the media can affect how children imitate this aggressive behaviour and how they should protect their children from such behaviour. Background Bandura et al (1963) carried out a research study with the aim of exploring the extent to which children imitate aggressive behaviour that they have observed carried out by another person (a model) in real life or in a film. Ninety-six children (equal number of boys and girls) aged between 3 and 6 years old were divided into four equal groups: Group 1 Each child was individually exposed to a real life person behaving aggressively towards a Bobo doll. Half of group one saw a male model and the other half a female model.
After Graduating, he took his first post at Stanford University in 1953 where he has worked ever since. In 1963, along with his colleagues Dorothea Ross & Sheila Ross they set up an experiment to investigate whether aggressive behaviour would be imitated by children. This was done by observing them under different circumstances, recording the results and analysing them. (Investigating Psychology, Open University 2010 page 109) The Experiment The experiment consisted of 96 children with an equal split of boys & girls, ranging from the ages of 3-6 years and was conducted on an individual basis. The group was divided into 4 equal groups; * Group 1 – Observed a live model behaving aggressively towards a blow up doll * Group 2 – Observed a film of a live model behaving aggressively towards the doll * Group 3 – Observed a film of a cartoon model behaving aggressively towards the doll * Group 4 – Observed NO aggressive behaviour towards the doll The experiments were carried out in the same
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF EARLY SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN? Everybody is focusing on how early social development affects children. Psychologist made research and came up with a solution to prove why early social development affects children. In scientific terms, early childhood development is a process through which the young children grow and thrive physically, mentally, socially, emotionally and morally. It begins from conception and extends up to 8 years of age.
Everyone can see the effects separation and divorce play on older children because they can verbally tell you and it shows in their work performance whether it be in their grades in school or sports or overall negative behavior. However few studies have targeted on younger children and their psychological being or the effect of their cognitive behavior. This sample study targeted the first three years of a child’s life. The study included children of 73 single moms that have never been married, and 97 divorced mothers. It also had a group of 170 children from a two parent household (Clark-Stewart, McCartney, Owen, Booth, 2000).
How media influences how a child thinks and acts As a child grows up with the media around, they take it as a source for guidance. From television to advertisements, messages are sent of how they should act. A child’s education and experience of the world is often implicit, and the media emphasizes and affects a child's thoughts of the ideal appearances, gender roles and what is perceived as right from wrong. With children as active participants in the media, watching 24 hours of television (the telegraph) and 7 hours on the computer each week (mail online), the influence is built up from the moment they are a few weeks old (kids health). From the advertisements to the magazines, the female appearance is shown as thin and tall while men are to look muscular and strong.
It was during his time at Iowa that Bandura’s interest in the behaviourist tradition and learning theory grew. In 1953 he accepted a teaching position at Stanford University. At Stanford Bandura collaborated with his first graduate student, Richard Walters, to explore behaviourist and learning theories. The collaboration led to Bandura’s first book, Adolescent Aggression, in 1959. Bandura is most famously known for his “Social Learning Theory”, which he recently renamed “Social Cognitive Theory”.