“Bad Faith” And The “Anguish” Of Freedom

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Freedom in popular culture is construed to mean a state in which an individual is able to act and live as he or she chooses, without being subject to any undue, restraints and restriction. This then is the state to which political movements as well as individuals aspire to sometimes at great personal costs. As a result this phenomenon has been studied and examined from various perspectives and deemed to be a positive, worthy requisite to human existence. But from an existentialist perspective, especially with regard to Sartre, freedom assumes negative traits such as ‘anguish’, ‘abandonment’, ‘isolation’, ‘bad faith’ or ‘self-deception’ etc.. According to Sartre we are “condemned to be free” whether we realize it or not. Here I shall apply this perspective of freedom to select parts of Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, with a view to evaluate the effects of freedom on the main protagonists Edna and Léonce. Feminist criticism of The Awakening to date, states almost without exception, that Edna’s suicide at the end of the novel is her only avenue of escape from the oppressions of a patriarchal society, after she has discovered freedom. Step by step, Edna divests herself of the roles and responsibilities expected of her as a wife, mother, and an active social being. In fact Chopin removes all conventional obstacles to a woman’s freedom from her path—husband, children, household duties, and enables her to devote herself to her painting, if she is so minded. Her children are no longer in her care and the author assures us that they are very happy with their grandmother in the country, experiencing the pastoral life that their father had before them. Her husband Léonce Pontellier is a man who believes in keeping up pretenses rather than facing situations and hence their confrontations are kept to a minimum. In the latter half of the novel, he is rarely present, but
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