Transduction involves transfer of DNA from one bacterium into another via bacteriophages. Conjugation involves transfer of DNA via sexual pilus and requires cell –to-cell contact. DNA fragments that contain resistance genes from resistant donors can then make previously susceptible bacteria express resistance as coded by these newly acquired resistance genes. 7. A plasmid is an independent, circular, self-replicating DNA molecule that carries only a few genes.
1-2-09 Glowing Bacteria Genes are pieces of DNA which hold the instructions for making proteins. The protein will then give an organism a particular trait. Genetic transformation means changes caused by genes, and requires the insertion of a gene into an organism, in order to change the trait. this technique is used by in many areas of biotechnology. Agriculturally, plants can be genetically transformed to be resistant to pesticides, spoilage, and frost.
Your answer: yes;results showed they have partial identity Activity 3: Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Lab Report 1. Describe how the direct and indirect ELISA are different. Your answer: Direct ELISA is directly looking for the foreign substance. The microtiter plate is coated with homologous antibodies made against the antigen of interest If the antigen is present, a sandwich of antibody, antigen and secondary antibody will form Indirect ELISA is designed to detect antibodies that the patient has made against the antigen.The microtiter plate is coated with
(Plasmid DNA will be added to +BLU tube; no will be added to –BLU tube.) 2. Use a sterile transfer pipet to add 250 μL of ice-cold calcium chloride each to +BLU tube and –BLU tube. 3. Place tubes on ice.
These shapes fitting together to form enzyme-substrate complexes is very important in many processes. For example, in the process of DNA replication, DNA helicase must have the correct shape in order to separate the DNA strands and DNA polymerase must have the correct shape so that free nucleotides can join to their complimentary base pair on sugar phosphate backbone to create new strands of DNA. It is also important for the nucleotides to join together with their complimentary base pair, which is more shapes fitting together to form DNA. It is also important that antigens and antibodies fit together. When a bacteria enters the body it has antigens on its surface that are recognised by the white blood cells.
1) Genetic engineering or genetic modification is the process of altering an organism’s genetic material for a beneficial purpose. Genetic modification is used to improve the products we obtain from plants and animals making them more nutritious, less-harmful manufacturing processes, and production in large quantities making them less expensive. 2) Gene Therapy- when an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal gene in order to treat a disorder or medical disease Plasmid- small circular DNA molecules in the cytoplasm of bacteria, these molecules cut DNA into a recognizable sequences DNA Polymerase Chain (PCR)- technique used to make copies of a certain gene. Biologists particularly use this with tiny genes that are rarely available. Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one.
The purpose of these primers were to select specific regions that will be amplified. Using primers TauT7F1 (5’ - ATC CCA GAA GGA ACC ACA GCT GAA - 3’) and TauT7R1 (5’ - TGT TTG GTC AAC TGG ACT CGT TCC - 3’), PCR reactions (based on standard PCR protocols) were employed to amplify the tau DNA region in the plasmid. 25 μL of master mix with the plasmid template DNA was treated with 1 μL each of forward and reverse primers, and 25 μL of water was finally added to make it to a total volume of 50 μL. Spectrometric analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis were conducted to analyze purity of the PCR product. From the gel electrophoresis, we found that the PCR product was about 600 bps.
Primer - A short length of DNA or RNA used to initiate synthesis of a new DNA strand. 5. Thermocyler- laboratory apparatus used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction process. 6. Resolution -In microbiology, the ability to distinguish two objects as distinct and separate under the microscope.
It is also essential to understand how to separate and identify different bacterium among a sample in order to treat each bacterium separately. Introduction For this project the researchers were provided with a mixed sample of a gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium and given the task to separate and identify them. Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria differ in the environments and nutrients that are needed to grow and those that will impede growth. To differentiate between the two types of bacterium a gram stain was performed, then selective media were used to separate and identify both bacterium. Selective media contain specific nutrients or ingredients that allow for the growth of a specific organism or a particular type of
What is recombinant DNA technology? 6. What are the molecular tools used to assemble recombinant DNA? 7. How can recombinant DNA and bacterial cells be used to produce vaccines?