By using the genes from two bacteria producing organisms such as Alcaligenes Eutrophus, they could insert them into cress plants with the aim of these plants producing the PHB. This process worked and the plants and some of their offspring produced around 14% of the dry weight as PHB. Although this is not as high yielding as when it is produced in the petri dishes, it is a much more economically viable method of production and hence would give a much more substantial impact to society. Chemically PHB is from a group of biopolymers known as the polyhyroxyalkanoates. Figure 1 below shows other examples of biopolymers in
The Effects of Physical Sound to the Growth-Production of Bacteria INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Microbiologists often have difficulties in culturing different bacteria (Watson et al., 1993). It takes too much time for them to culture some bacteria. Microorganisms have the ability to communicate with each other via chemical signals which has been the focus of the most investigations and physical signals which has received only limited attention (Reguera, 2011). Physical signals increases the oscillatory motions and polarization of the cells that lead to the production of sound waves, electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic signals. Carbon and graphite can be a big help in enhancing the growth of the bacteria and convert external electromagnetic energy into sound (Matsuhashi et al., 1998).
Because some bacteria can divide every twenty minutes, a new beneficial mutation can spread rapidly through prokaryotic populations in response to environmental changes. 2. Prokaryotic growth refers more to the multiplication of cells, rather than the increase in size. Various species of prokaryotes are adapted to various conditions. Refrigeration slows food spoilage because the lower temperature slows binary fission.
Paramecium bursaria chauffeurs the algae and in return, the algae shares the food it produces (Palmer). This is essentially what happened with endosymbiosis. Scientists believe mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from larger prokaryotic cells engulfing bacterial cells, whereas most membrane-enclosed organelles, such as the nucleus, ER, and Golgi, likely originated from
C) The average size of a bacteria is between the diameter of 0.5 to 5 µm. A bacteria reproduces asexually. The cell divides by binary fission, the DNA replicates itself and then they are divided into two identical cells. Some bacteria make their own food and some rely on a supply of ready made food. VIRUS A) labelled B) Viruses are not cells and are not made from cells.
Changes in climate or introduction of a new species from elsewhere can greatly affect the balance of nature; some bacteria help to digest food, destroy disease causing cells, and give the body needed vitamins, bacteria are also used in making healthy foods like yogurt and cheese. Viruses are the connecting link of living and non-living things….. A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Most viruses are too small to be seen directly with a light microscope. Viruses infect all types of organisms form animals and plants to bacteria and archaea. All viruses have genes made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information, all have protein coats that protect these genes and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them when they are outside a cell.
They replicate by invading targeted cells of their host and taking over genetic material responsible for reproduction. These are tiny infectious agents that are so small that even a light microscope will not detect them visibly, infecting all kinds of cells from bacteria, fungi, plants, animals and humans. Some of their common illnesses and infections include colds, influenza, chicken pox, measles, mumps, herpes, norovirus and cold sores. Fungi are simple plant like single-celled organisms, reproducing both sexually and asexually via spores. They take on various forms and can include yeast and moulds.
Gut flora is the normal bacteria that is found mainly in our intestines as well as our stomach. It is vital in stimulating, training and regulating our body. Not only are there species of bacteria but also strains of archaea and fungi. Gut flora’s primary role is to ferment otherwise indigestible carbohydrates and extracting energy. It also aids in the absorption of nutrients and production of vitamins.
CAUSES AND SPREAD OF INFECTION Outcome one:- The differences between bacteria, virus, fungus and parasites. Bacteria :- they are small single-celled life forms that reproduce quickly and are capable of causing disease. Antibiotics can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria although some can form a protective spore which can make them more resistant to heat and chemicals. The requirements for optimum growth are is a temperature of 37c, water, food, time, oxygen/ no oxygen. Virus:-These are smaller than bacteria and need to be in a living host to cell reproduce, the principal way of control is immunisation, antibiotics are not affective against viral infections.
HOW BACTERIA GROWS Microbiology Lab Report Dr.Okalate October 17, 2011 Introduction: Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenkoek in 1676, using a microscope with his own technical design. During the 1600’s the technology of microscopes were not as advance as they are in the present so his findings were not accurate of much but he could tell this was a different type of cell that carried a disease or was harmful. Bacteria are large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms and their length is typically a few micrometers in size. They have a variety of shapes from rods to spirals, bacteria is present on most of the Earth’s habitat, everywhere you look, go, see there is bacteria. That’s why it’s so important to wash your hands or use hand sanitizer, it grows in numerous places.