B) How Does Adichie Use the Character of Papa-Nnukwu in the Novel as a Whole to Convey Ideas About Nigeria?

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Adichie uses the character, Papa-Nnukwu, to convey ideas about Nigeria. The most prominent concept that is presented is Papa-Nnukwu’s conflict that is noticeable between himself and his son, Eugene. This character conflict foreshadows the clash of civilization in Nigeria, between traditional and imported western religions. Adichie lets Kambili tell the reader that ‘Papa had decreed that Heathens were not allowed in his compound, had not made an exception for his father.’ Eugene’s ill-treatment to his own father mirrors how the new European religions attempted to oppress and diminish the traditional Igbo ways. The fact that Papa-Eugene won’t even allow his Father to enter his home echoes how the traditional Igbo people were pushed out of Nigeria. Adichie uses Papa-Nnukwu as more of an object than a person to present these concepts. Another way that Papa-Nnukwu is used to convey ideas about Nigeria is how the traditions are decaying just as Papa-Nnukwu is. As papa-Nnukwu is one of the older characters, Adichie uses him to represent the older past of Nigeria. When Kambili visits her grandfather she wants to stay longer, ‘I wanted to stay so if the fufu clung to his throat and chocked him I could run and get water.’ The fact that she has to leave early and she is not allowed to stay for too long is to echo how in her life she has parts of the old Igbo culture yet most of her life is lead by the new western ways of life. When Papa-Nnukwu dies, its suggests the older traditions of Nigeria becoming weaker and even less

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