We are performing the experiment to gain our spots on the team of quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company. The purpose of the quality control is to determine the quality and safety of use of the baking soda. The theory behind thermal gravimetric analysis is that when a mixture is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, one component decomposes to form a gaseous compound while the other does not decompose. The mass is measured before and after the heating and stoichiometric ratios are used to determine the percent by mass. The chemical equation to be used is : 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) In the second part, 1.0 M HCl will be titrated into a solution with a known amount of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), the pH will be measured as it becomes more acidic and the equivalence point (the point at which HCL and Na2CO3 reach equilibrium) determined.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company A Self-Directed Experiment 16 April 2012 INTRODUCTION The Athenium Baking Soda Company has begun producing baking soda (sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate). NH4HCO3 + NaCl ==> NaHCO3 + NH4Cl Due to the high concentration of the brine solution that is used to generate the product, contaminants are often present in the finished product as chloride compounds. The contaminants may be detected when the finished baking soda product is dried and filtered. PURPOSE: In this experiment, we will be employing quality control by analyzing the composition and purity of the contaminated baking soda samples. To perform this experiment, we will utilize emission spectra, titrations, and thermal gravimetric analysis, using knowledge from Experiments 10, 4, Titrations of Na2CO3 and NAHCO3 by HCl (hydrochloric acid) will be performed to determine the concentration of HCl, as well as the number of moles of HCl present within the sample of baking soda.
Quality Control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company April 16, 2012 Introduction: In a sample of baking soda, determine the percent by mass of NaHCO3. Also, determine if any chemical impurities are present, the chemical nature of the impurities, and the quantity of each present. Baking soda, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), is a naturally occurring compound with a wide range of uses. The diverse uses of baking soda include its presence in cleaning products, human food and beverages, animal food, and food processing, pharmaceuticals, chemical and industrial processes, water treatment, fire extinguishers, and more (chemicalland21). Because baking soda is a natural compound, using it in these products can replace potentially environmentally harmful products.
Problem Which dissolves in water better, salt or baking soda? Hypothesis If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. Abstract The purpose of this project is to determine which material dissolves better in water between salt and baking soda. The hypothesis is If salt and baking soda where put in water then baking soda will dissolve better than salt. One teaspoon of salt and one teaspoon of baking soda were put in two separate transparent glasses of water and then the time of dissolving of each substance were calculated.
When baking soda is combined with moisture and an acidic ingredient, the resulting chemical reaction produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that expand under oven temperatures, causing baked goods to rise. Baking powder contains sodium bicarbonate, but it includes the acidifying agent already (cream of tartar), and also a drying agent (usually starch). The ultimate goal is to produce a tasty product with a pleasing texture. Baking soda is basic and will yield a bitter taste unless countered by the acidity of another ingredient, such as buttermilk. Cookie recipes typically include baking
In order to ensure quality control for the Athenium Baking Soda Company’s product, we will select three methods of experimentation to determine the purity of its baking soda, as well as its composition. The first experimental procedure to take place will be a thermal gravimetric analysis, which will help determine the percent composition of sodium bicarbonate of a sample of the company’s baking soda. In this experiment, a known mass of a sample of the company’s baking soda will be added to a crucible and heated until it decomposes into solid sodium carbonate, gaseous carbon dioxide, and gaseous water, as shown in the following equation: 2NaHCO3(s) Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) After a reheating of the crucible to ensure accuracy, the stoichiometric ratio for the mass loss of CO2 and H2O per gram of NaHCO3 will be determined, along with the total mass of CO2 and H2O lost upon heating. These will be used in order to determine 3 the mass of NaHCO3 present in the sample. Finally, using the collected data, the percent by mass of NaHCO3 in the company’s
Lab 4: Determination of Percent by Mass of the Composition in a Mixture by Gravimetric Analysis Introduction Thermal gravimetric analysis is used to determine the percent by mass is used to determine the percent by mass of a component in a mixture. When a mixture is heated to an appropriately high temperature, one component in the mixture decomposes to form a gaseous compound. The mass of this particular component is related to the mass of the gaseous compound. In this experiment, the percent by mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) and potassium chloride (KCl) in a mixture will be determined. Experimental First, we weighed 2 samples, each has 1 gram of NaHCO3-KCl mixture Second, we put the samples in 2 crucibles (A and B) and weighed them.
Introduction A titration was carried out in this experiment to find the concentration of hydrochloric acid is an unknown solution. The aim of this experiment is to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide in hydrochloric acid and then to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide present in gastric juices. Titration, or volumetric analysis, is a common laboratory procedure for the analysis of substances and solutions. In a titration, the analyst determines the volume of a solution, called a titrant, that reacts exactly with a known weight or volume of another substance. This reaction is carried out by adding a solution of reactant hydrochloric acid from a burette to a solution of sodium hydroxide until just sufficient of hydrochloric acid has been added to react with all of the sodium hydroxide.
Then take jug with room temperature water and pour out three cups into the pot. Before placing it on the stove and heating the water to repeat the experiment, the water temperature was taken to ensure that it was approximate to the room temperature. Literature Review: According to an article in The New York Times, the notion of a body of cold water will reach boiling point quickly as to an identical body of hot water under the same parameters is false (O'Connor, 2008). In this experiment it is not to prove what has already been done, rather to find if the rise of water bodies would be parallel. The notion is to calculate the slope of increase in water temperature given two different starting points, are they both identical.
We are looking to find wether the reaction is exothermic or endothermic. Experiment 2: the aim for this experiment is to record the pH level of a sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid reaction. Then record it into the graph, it should resemble the standard neutralization curve, as shown under the introduction. Materials: what you will need for both experiments: Experiment 1: ➢ 20g baking soda ➢ 20g citric acid ➢ 2 cm strip of magnesium ➢ 50 ml of 5M HCl acid ➢ 50 ml measuring cylinder ➢