2005; Spouse: 2001). Several teaching methods are part of the nursing curriculum and two pedagogical models, behaviorism and constructivis, are included; Handwreker suggests a greater emphases on clinical training to bridge the aforementioned gap. Behaviorism involves the belief that human behavior can be modified based on stimulus and response. In the learning process reinforcement for desired behavior and accomplishment is presented in different methods like high test score, performing a specific skill, or a passing grade for the assignment. Accredited organizations for schools of nursing including Board of Nursing and entities such as the National League for Nurses Accrediting Commission help to maintain the behaviorist approach by setting standards for nursing programs.
The theory of reflection has made the author identify the epistemology of reflection in and on action and the effect this can have on her professional growth. Through intensive reflective practices the author may be able to grow on the delivery of services she provides as a district nursing student. The Department of Health (1999) acknowledged that reflective practices were an important part of continuing professional development. This supports the given quotation by Boud and Walker (1991) that learning from experience is a crucial part of learning and gives health professionals the potential to explore a scenario, gain new knowledge and put it into practice. The author will now aim to critically discuss the literature surrounding the two reflective concepts and establish its implications within the delivery of the district nursing service.
language and socialisation) Explain the course of development according to these descriptions That is, a theory must account for the transitions from one point in development to another and must identify causal variables affecting transition * Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. # * Reading Chp 6 Boyd & Bee, (2009) PLAN Initial outline of essay Bowlby’s attachment theory was initially developed and then revdeveoped in ollboration with Mary Ainsworth (1969) using their Ganda study The contribution of attachment theory to the social and emotional development of children is critical in assessing the healthy and secure attachment of children to their mother, first and foremost, then, as the child develops through 54 weeks and 2-3 years old – that they begin to relate positively to key carers that play an integral and familiar role in their life. These relationships play a role and can, if the child has had an unstable home and parental environment during their early development, affect detrimentally their ability to form new bonds as adolecscents and possibly adults. However, a child raised in a stable and emotionally secure environment, will develop secure and
CBT 3 Cognitive behavioral therapy is generally psychotherapy and behavioral therapy combined. Psychotherapy expresses the importance of personal meaning and our thinking patterns which begin in the stage of childhood. Cognitive behavioral therapy also known as CBT is a short term psychotherapy treatment that uses a concrete approach to problem solving. Its goal is the change the process of thinking for people with difficulties and in bad situation and their behavior with is associated with distress. CBT is
One of the main areas of focus in development psychology is the affect the early relationships we experience during childhood, such as those with our parents, can have in our later relationships in adulthood. These adult to child relationships are known as vertical relationships, and the fact that these can then shape our later horizontal relationships (adult to adult) is known as attachment theory. John Bowlby (1940) believed that an infant having a mother figure that represented a permanent source of comfort and security, allows them to build up and ‘internal working model’ of their relationship. Internal working model is a “set of expectations for how oneself and another person will relate to each other” (Wood, Littleton and Oates, 2002, p.29). Bowlby theorised that whatever working model a child form will dictate the approach they take to future relationships.
Assessment Tool Analysis Paper NUR 440 February 7, 2011 Peggy Taylor Assessment Tool Analysis Paper Assessment tools are used to evaluate, and help in intervening with a patient’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being. They enable a nurse or other medical practitioners to help the vulnerable to make more informed choices that will make their life better. Assessment tools can be useful in improving the family dynamics, building more cohesive relationships, and promoting healthier lifestyles. There are of many of these assessment tools, some more effective than others, and it is the responsibility of the practitioner to see which is more likely to fit the dynamic of whatever situation one is attempting to resolve. The three assessment tools that I have selected are as follows: the family adaptability and cohesion scale, the Calgary family assessment model, and the health promoting lifestyle profile II.
The work of Bowlby suggested that attachment is innate. He also emphasised on the importance of caregiver sensitivity and the internal working model leading onto the continuity hypothesis. The internal working model suggests that as infants, we internalise a template of what to expect from relationships using our primary attachment figure. This then develops to an attachment type as found by Mary Ainsworth. The effect on adult relationships of these attachment types developed as a child however was initially investigated by Shaver and Hazer who put out a questionnaire in a newspaper that questioned couples about their childhood experiences (which would determine attachment type as a child) and their current relationships.
Bowlby shared the psychoanalytic view that early experiences in childhood have an important influence on development and behavior later in life. Our early attachment styles are established in childhood through the infant/caregiver relationship. In addition to this, Bowlby believed that attachment had an evolutionary component; it aids in survival. "The propensity to make strong emotional bonds to particular individuals [is] a basic component of human nature" (Bowlby, http://0.tqn.com/d/psychology/1/0/-/4/attachment2.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/psychology/1/0/-/4/attachment2.jpg 1988, 3). Characteristics of Attachment Bowlby believed that there are four distinguishing characteristics of attachment: 1.
I will first provide an overview of the issue in relation to both these fields of nursing and discuss why it is important and the impact it has on nursing care. I will then highlight any similarities and/or differences that may rise between the two fields. Adult nurses provide a high standard of essential personal care with dignity and compassion, while also being able to undertake complex interventions and use specialist skills, such as communication-the basic skill needed to survive as a nurse. Philippa Sully (2003) stated that “development of effective working relationships underpins all aspects of nursing practice. Whether we are exploring the best way to arrange shift cover or discuss with patients and their families the most appropriate community care, how we communicate depends on our professional relationships with all those involved.” In other words, communication is a key aspect in nursing as a whole.
How has Bowlby's formulation of attachment theory been modified in the light of subsequent research? Humans are social beings who have an innate drive to connect with others. The basis for these social relationships is laid in early childhood when the attachment between an infant and a primary caregiver is established. This essay will discuss the variety of themes involving attachment which emerged in recent years. First, the formulation of Bowlby's theory will be explained.