During the War of the Spanish Succession, Austria began to get more involved in fighting for land and territory yet to be claimed. They battled the French over many parts of Spanish Hapsburg and gained a small part. Also during this time they won over the Austrian Netherlands. Emperor Charles VI ruled Austria from 1711- 1740, and towards the end of his reign began to give up many gains the country had in the previous war. The Emperor did this to secure the Pragmatic Sanction that his daughter would be the heir to his throne.
Do you agree with the suggestion that Henry VIII and Wolsey conducted an effective Foreign Policy between the years 1515-1525? Henry VIII’s foreign policy orchestrated by Wolsey in the years 1515-25 was considered to be both a success and a failure. This essay will counter argue both sides of the argument as to whether it was a success or a failure. My personal opinion was that the foreign policy was a failure due to most of the aims not being met. The aims set to be achieved by Henry was to; Capture France, become a ‘Warrior king’ and to be known as one of the leading country’s in the world.
America`s role as world policeman Since the United States of America gained the right to form their own nation, as a result to winning the war of independence, they considered themselves as the protector of freedom and democracy. Those beliefs grew stronger and later became the main reason as to why they started meddling into the rest of the worlds business after a long period of isolating themselves from European conflicts. During the 1800’s the US tried to isolated themselves from being involved with the European imperialistic politics. However, it was inevitable since their interests clashed as they grew bigger. In 1898 the Spanish- American war began when America decided to liberate the Spanish colonies Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.
One of Henry VIII’s main aims when he came to power was to be as different from his father as possible, and this is what led him to make many of his decisions during the first few years of his reign. Henry’s personal ambition was to invade and take the throne of France; he wanted the fame and glory that came with winning battles and taking over countries. Adding to this, Henry wanted to become a huge part of Europe, trying to form alliances, sign treaties and claim status. Henry knew that if he was going to take over France he would need powerful allies as France was becoming powerful itself, was becoming wealthy and gaining military strength. His last aim was the succession.
Henry had a very aggressive policy on France throughout his rein until he eventually decided on trying to become the peacemaker of Europe. Henry wanted to regain the lost territory in northern France so he could be seen as a Great War lord with visions of honour and glory but also to challenge Henry V’s title of the last great English warrior. The first sign of this aim being put into place is the first French war from 1512-1514. However the first expedition on June 1512 was a disastrous failure as Ferdinand of Aragon didn’t hold up his end of the deal for an allied invasion. This shows Henrys naivety in foreign policy and the other European powers were using him to benefit themselves whilst sending him to his downfall.
Why did the crown and parliament fall out in 1625? In March 1625 Charles father, the King dies leaving only Charles to succeed the throne of the Three Kingdoms. Charles falls out with parliament for three main reasons, finance, foreign policy and favorites, all had previously harassed James, and were now passed on to Charles. Although not yet coronate, only a few months later he assembles Parliament for the first time, meeting against the background of the outbreak of plague in London. His main objective for calling Parliament was to raise money to go to war with Spain, which he believed would indirectly help his sister Elizabeth and brother-in-law to regain the Palatinate.
The chance of Henry being heir to the throne was in the smallest percentile. this was an huge barrier to overcome in order for Henry to rise to power although this barrier soon cease to exist as Arthur dies at the early age of 15 the cause of his death was unknown. the death of Arthur meant the destruction of the foreign treaty made by marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and HENRY VII and this was the only foreign alliance his father had and this treaty kept out the threat of an invasion by France which was a formidable enemy. For the fact that this was the only foreign treaty/alliance made by his dad was also implied as a threat as the source said “His grip on the English throne had long been considered both illegitimate and untenable by most European powers“ this implies that England as an international power was weak, ineffective and the finance of England wasn’t the greatest compared to the rich and powerful France and this was a continuous threat that HENRY VIII as the king of England faced after a betrayal from Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon of Spain and also a failed invasion of France and now this caused an even more problematic issue as England faced multiple threat without the foreign treaty of Spain by the Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Even after the betrayal of Spain England would always be
Eugene of Savoy and Churchill of England led the alliance to victory over Louis. The war was concluded by the Peace of Utrecht in 1713, which forbade the union of France and Spain. The war ended French expansionism and left France on the brink of bankruptcy, with widespread misery and
When the Hundred Years War broke out, both side decided to use their ability to tax the church granted to the kings by the church as a repayment for the crusades. When the church refused to pay France, they kidnapped Pope Boniface VIII. The Pope died soon after his rescue and the cardinals elected a French pope so as not to stir trouble again. But instead of moving to Rome, the new Pope Clement V stayed in Avignon. A new string of Popes would settle in Avignon for the next 70 years where the French kings were able to maintain a firm hold on the papacy.
Introduction The Congress of Vienna held on September 1814 to June 1815 was one of the most important conferences in European history called to remake Europe after the downfall of Napoleon I. It was a congress of the Great powers of Europe which met to settle the future boundaries of the Continent and almost every state in Europe was represented. The Congress was symbolized by a grand opening with magnificent balls and entertainments but the serious business was full of intrigues and rivalries. The Congress was held in order to draw up a plan to alter Europe politically and territorially so as to prevent the extensive expansion of any one great power, such as that Napoleon had brought about. Creating a balance of power among powerful nations of Europe, reinstating conservative regimes, containing France and reaching an agreement to cooperate with each other were the goals of the congress which illustrated the attitude of the national representatives present and supported the overall purpose of preventing future widespread conflict.