Many sociologists have given alternate views about the main function of education. Functionalists argue that the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus – agreed social values – whereas Marxists argue that education transmits values that benefit the ruling class. Durkheim (1903), a functionalist, argues that society needs a sense of social solidarity because without it, social life and cooperation would be impossible as individuals would pursue their own selfish desires. The education system helps create social solidarity by transmitting society’s culture from one generation to the next so the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society. However, Marxists criticise this and argue that education in capitalist society only transmits the ideology of the ruling class and not the shared values of society.
2. What information would you like to analyze? The economic view of behavior suggests that a review of the incentives for employees. Upper management, the corporate finance employees, have a strong incentive to want accurate reporting for auditing and grant purposes. Review and analyze a strategy to carry that same incentive down ward to the data entry employee, for more accurate data entry.
In this essay I will explain how labour is organized in the capitalist mode of production according to Marx and then go on to discuss how Marx thinks labour is exploited and give real world examples that back up his point. Labour according to Marx is organized into two classes[Marx and Engels:1848:pp 220] , bourgeoisie of whom can be described as the owners of the means of production and proletariat who own only their labour power, employed by these owners. Capitalists produce commodities for exchange market, which they sell at a price greater than the cost of labour but must also remain competitive, and therefore will try to cut labor costs[Marx and Engels:1848:pp224]. Proletariat are nothing but there ability to work so have to work for the bourgeoisie to survive .They produce commodities, they have two values which are there use value that is what they are worth to you and an exchange value which is the value in which you exchange for other commodities and will only be produced if they produce a profit when exchanged. The bourgeois are on a continual pursuit to be more productive and generate more profit with little regard for proletariat.
Althusser, sees education as an ideological state apparatus that reproduces and legitimates class inequality, ensuring working-class pupils end up in working-class jobs, and that they accept their exploited role. According to Bowles and Gintis, this is achieved through correspondence principle which refers to the tendency of schools to promote the values expected of individuals in each social class so as to prepare students for the types of jobs typically held by
Some think it as promoting value consensus and some see otherwise. Functionalists believe that education transmits society's norms and values and therefore promotes value consensus, with the educational and economic system working hand in hand to develop the skills required for the world of work. Emile Durkheim provides the basic framework of the functionalists view on the education system, agreeing with its function of transmitting norms and values. He believed that for society to operate effectively they have to develop a sense of belonging to something, becoming 'social beings' with a loyalty and commitment to society as a whole. The education system creates this effectively by teaching subjects such as history, which enables children to see the link between themselves and wider society.
Marx believed that societies grew and changed due to struggles of different social classes. Durkheim believed in studying the “social facts,” which would help determine if a society was healthy or pathological. Weber’s focus on the structure of society included the elements of class, status and power. Each sociologist had a great influence in the field of sociology, but took different approaches to studying societies. Sociology enables us to understand how society functions and under which circumstances.
Due: 18th February 2011 How far do sociologists agree that parental attitudes determine working class attainment? The debate outlined above suggests that there are two sides to the statement. There are those who will agree such as Cultural Deprivation Theorists, who will believe that parental attitudes will very much determine attainment of people in the working class.However sociologists such as Material deprivation theorists believe that other factors contribute to working class attainment. To adress this issue i will be looking at both sides of the argument. Sociologists like Cultural deprivation theorists would agree with this statement.They believe that parental interests and attitudes to education influence working class childrens' attainment levels, this can be positive or negative influence.They would argue that children look upon their parents as role models, .When they see their parents act in a negative way regarding rules, school and work, they often follow in their footsteps.
Evaluating Fiscal Policy Alternatives Simulation ECO 372 November 28, 2011 Matthew Angner A government has a couple of roles the need to enforce in order to ensure that their people and land will be able to support them through any times. One of these roles is to invoke and sustain economic growth. The government can achieve this by trying to manipulate the trends in that particular economy, though fiscal policy. Fiscal policy is changes that are made to government spending or taxes that leads to one of two conclusions. One of these conclusions is that the economy will stimulate because of the changes being made, or the economy will slow down.
Q. Assess the Marxist view that the main role of the family is to serve the needs of capitalism. A. To a certain extent, some sociologists would disagree with the Marxist viewpoint that the main role of the family is to serve the needs of Capitalism as some other beliefs, ideas and approaches may disagree and state that rather there are more important functions of a family which contribute to society than just to work for the needs and interests of capitalism. Marxists view that the most essential part of the family is to serve the needs of capitalism in an attempt to fuel and profit the bourgeoisie. Marxists see society as based on unequal class conflict between the two social classes; the capitalist class, who owns the means of production and the working class whose labour the capitalists exploit for mere profit and power.
Social consensus is a key belief of functionalism. It allows society to continue to progress because the theory believes that we have shared norms and values in society which we must follow. Another sociological perspective that I will be explaining will be Marxism. It is a structuralist theory but it is based on conflict rather than consensus. Marxists believe that the bourgeoisie (people in a higher social class) exploit people that are in the working class to make their profits.They argue that institutions are organised to benefit the ruling class.