The artists tried to be as straightforward as possible and not idealize the subjects. Realist painters, like Gustav Courbet and Jean-Francois Millet, sometimes used their works as political statements. Artwork of the period was criticized for being too mundane due to the subject matter, often of lower class people doing everyday things. The artists were criticized for depicting subjects doing everyday tasks, often in “gritty detail” (Finnochio, 2004, p.1). A2: Impressionism Impressionism was a
Modern History Sourcebook: Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615 – A Critique of Galileo’s View of the Relationship Between Religion and Science T. Shaun Thompson 9604488 HIST 404, TME #1 June 2015 Galileo’s letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany in the early 17th century attempts to reconcile religious faith and scientific reasoning and how closed –minded adherence to sacred texts shouldn’t be used to undermine the legitimacy of scientific truths and their incorporation into the evolving body of knowledge. The letter explores the relationship between science and scripture his attempt to make religion and science compatible by suggesting that the truth can only be ascertained if the theory under consideration can be scientifically proven if the opposing view can be equally proven to be false. His letter tries to open the minds of people to new findings. It also examines the true meaning of Biblical scripture and how to correctly interpret it. In his letter, Galileo asserts the Bible as a direct authority on faith and not as of one on science when his states, “that our authors knew the truth but the Holy Spirit did not desire that men should learn things that are useful to no one for salvation" The idea that the Earth moved and the sun stood still did not contradict scripture.
Another person who also criticized some of the religious views was Pierre Bayle. Bayle argued that religion and morality were not necessarily linked. The Enlightenment also developed around the belief that scientific thought and expression should be free from religious interference and that the foundations of society should be human reason and logic. The Enlightenment’s relationship with God and the individual was more rational and distant leading to the idea of Deism. Deism became very popular in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries during the Enlightenment.
Felix-Archimede Pouchet, believed in spontaneous generation and published 700 page book which claimed to prove that the life could originate from inanimate matter, thus life from deity. However, Louis Pasteur, convinced the world that disease were caused by microbes and experimented using a “swan-neck” flask, performed at many different environments in different locations, successfully disproved spontaneous generation (creationism) and later his theory became a great influence on modern medicine and public health. Kahn also tried to clarify the difference between creationism and evolution, both based on our religious preference and scientific perspective, and evidence to support both sides of argument. Creationism supports the great creator for existence of this world, from the power of deity and this idea became religious beliefs for many generations for different people. She argues that a scientific theory requires collection of data and
Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Hypocrisy of Human Society No one is exactly the same person in every situation. How one talks to his friends can be drastically different from how he talks to a client or kindergartener or police officer. Such adjustments in behavior are normal and accepted in our human society. But what happens when one goes beyond trivial adjustments, when one assumes personalities so divergent in different situations that he loses his true identity? The author Nathaniel Hawthorne explores this possibility in his literary works.
Instead, they placed more emphasis on the “structure, content, and formal order” ("Impressionism & post-impressionism,"). They liked to use unnatural colors and use geometric shapes, unlike the Impressionist’s use of soft lines and natural colors. Also, instead of painting outdoors to capture the moment, Post-Impressionist painted in a studio, and their paintings were based on the emotion and concept of the artist (Emelda, 2011). Like the Impressionists, however, they believed the originality of the painting was important. Like many artists of the 1880’s, the Post-Impressionist wanted to portray “emotion and intellect as well as the visual imagery” ("Post impressionist,").
They were not inventing anything new but reclaiming something ancient. This is why governments tend to fall apart, because people often want to come together freely and be themselves, rather then fit a mold that is presented for them. Hobbes foretold that it was a human condition that war fought by each against each, making it hard for anything good to come out of it, or learn
Charles Lyell, a British geologist, reintroduced the idea of uniformitarianism when he published a series of books called Principles of Geology. Only then did people start to seriously consider that uniformitarianism was the way in which the earth was shaped. During the late 20th century, scientists began to challenge uniformitarianism. They believed that catastrophes do, at times, play a major part in shaping the Earth. Today we realize that neither uniformitarianism nor catastrophism completely explains what shapes the Earth.
The multifaceted nature of humanity is revealed in both Mary Shelly’s novel Frankenstein as well as in Ridely Scott’s film blade runner. Despite the dissimilarity in time between the two, both texts essentially mirror each other, in effectively delving into the themes in which society was faced with. Together, both Ridley Scott and Mary shelly explore the repercussions that could come of growing scientific advancements that consequently slowly destroyed any concept of nature through out the 19th century, which brought about a rebellion against the concept of romanticism throughout that era. Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein unambiguously investigates the sublime in nature. Throughout Shelly’s era the notion of romanticism was highly influential
In order to approach this comparison we must define each term first, so that way we could take a better evaluation of the art pieces shown below and point out the principles of design and principles of art being used by the artists. Neoclassicism was born out of a rejection of the Rocco and late Baroque styles in the middle of the 18th century. These artists wanted a style that could convey serious moral ideas such as justice, honor, and patriotism. The movement was a profoundly educational one, for its devotees believed that the fine arts could and should spread knowledge and enlightenment. Romanticism began in the same era but its approach had to do with the modern rather than the antique.