Speaking in terms of the male, he exhibits behaviour such as direct guarding, in which a male is especially vigilant to their mate in order to restrict her sexual autonomy. Retention strategies can also include violence against the woman either in physical or verbal form. In extreme cases, an unintended consequence of this evolutionary behaviour may be her death (uxoricide). The explanation of uxoricide as being a consequence of jealousy cannot account for the fact that younger women are at much greater risk of
Evolutionary explanations help to explain sexual behaviours like promiscuity and choosiness but Sternglanz and Nash (1998) argue that promiscuity on the part of males holds no value in terms of reproductive success. The Clark and Hatfield studies, which show that women are less willing to engage in casual sex, have also been disputed. Explanations for sexual styles may have less to do with biology and evolution and more to do with cultural changes in society. Cassidy argues that the evolutionary psychology tells us nothing about homosexual or lesbian relationships, which are
There is much faulty science behind claims that men are biologically inclined to rape. “Telling us that it [rape] is natural tells us nothing except that it is found in nature” (Alcock 101). Rape is the act of sexual abuse that happens when a female refuses sexual intercourse with a male and he forces it upon her. Anyone can be raped at anytime. If a man has respect for women he is less likely to rape.
Who is Carol Gilligan and what does her research say about possible gender differences in moral reasoning Who is Carol Gilligan and what does her research say about possible gender differences in moral reasoning? Carol Gilligan is a renowned psychologist in the field of women's studies who challenged Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning by suggesting that Lawrence Kohlberg's theory is inaccurate because he did not consider the woman's affinity to caring in the context of making moral decisions. He instead only considered moral development from the male perspective of justice and rights. Gilligan argues that Kohlberg's theory "does not adequately represent the morality of girls and women" (Berk, 2010, p 409). She also suggested that his research was flawed because his research participants were Caucasian males that were well off, and therefore could not present an accurate theory with such limitations on his research.
Are Humans Inherently Violent? Human history and evolution has been shaped by war, aggression, rage, and violence. Biological anthropologists are still seeking out information to this day trying to decide on whether humans are inherently violent. Some biological anthropologists, such as Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, believe that humans and chimpanzees are very closely related species. So this correlates with humans having a very aggressive violent past dealing with defending territories, sexual selection, and natural selection.
The idea that humans are naturally violent has conceivably been examined and tested in psychology by the use of genetics, Milgram’s experiments, and the idea of Piaget’s cognitive development. To delve into the topic of whether humans are naturally violent or not, one must first have to understand, from a psychological aspect, if evil is a genetic trait ascribed from birth. While ascribed with a blueprint of life, our genes do not harbor a measurable philosophical trait of violence. It would be an absurdity to believe that at the time of infantry, where one’s basic thought processes are minimally structured at best, humans are capable of measuring philosophical feats such as right and wrong, or attune to a belief such as good and evil. This belief that genetics is not responsible for transferring violence is bolstered by an experimental incident.
I attempt to follow a value rule that is based on “utilitarianism” (Rathus, et al., 2005, p. 6), in which my values reflect concern for the greater good of society’s majority, rather than my own. As with my value system, my critical thinking skills in making decisions about sex have long been set. I remain skeptical of the beliefs and biases of others, preferring to come to my own conclusions concerning sex and what I find sexually stimulating. However, I fervently condemn many behaviors as immoral, such as rape, unethical as in the case of adultery, or against nature as with practicing bestiality. Other sexual behaviors, whether I agree with them, or not, such as sodomy, sexual preference, and any other sexual choices that does not harm another, are not mine to judge.
Others will say that they can’t explain it, but they know it when they see it. Emilie Buchwald, the author of Transforming a Rape Culture describes rape culture as “a complex set of beliefs that encourage male sexual aggression and supports violence against women.” The people of a rape culture assume that violence is a fact of life when in reality it is not, and is actually the values and attitudes of a society, which are quite possible to change. Rather than teaching that people shouldn’t rape, they try to teach what to do to make it less likely that a rapist will choose you. The Marshall University Women’s Center explains that “Rape culture is perpetuated through the use of misogynistic language, the objectification of women’s bodies, and the glamorization of sexual violence, thereby creating a society that disregards women’s rights and safety.” America has objectified sex to the point where it’s more about reaching a goal of obtaining sex than it is about intimacy and emotions. According to Becky Lockwood, the associate director at a center for women, this causes people to see sex as a commodity, making them think it is okay to do whatever they deem necessary to acquire it, even if that means violence.
‘Making a Nation out of Words’ Words may seem nondescript but they actually shape the thinking of generations, cultures and in turn nations. Reiteration of such rhetoric phrases which are non-committal for its users, however; they have immense negative connotations for the people they are intended for. Pakistan being a male dominated society regards females as subordinate and an inferior . This gender bias reflects in our use of language. “Hum ne choorian toh nahi pehni Hui” (We are not wearing bangles) is one such commonly used phrase which completely represents the idea of femininity being regarded as an abuse in the society particularly in the political community.
Anthony Ornelas Ornelas 1 Sociology 440 6/10/2013 Professor Inoue Gender Inequality The tendency of society to favor males and their masculinity has been a recurring theme throughout history and culture. As a result of these ideas, to be masculine is synonymous with dominance, while femininity directly correlates to weakness. These attitudes are responsible for the belief that women should stay at home and out of the way while men rule the world and control the money and society. That males enjoy social privilege is apparent even in American culture, though males do not often realize their own biases against women or the male privilege that they regularly enjoy and manipulate. Since claiming their role in society as capable human beings, women have been treated unfairly in the society when they haven’t been directly excluded from various fields that are socially less “suitable” for a woman.