Irwin and Cressey, put forward the Importation models. IT claims that aggression is brought into the institution, because of the characteristics of the individuals. These aggressive and violent traits are imported in to the institution, and this is why it is it is evident rather than the environment. The model is supported by research by Kane and Janus; they found that inmates who had greater periods of unemployment, lower levels of education and a more serious criminal record were more likely to be aggressive in prison. This supports the importation model, as it shows that the aggressive individuals imported these characteristic into the institution due to their background there more likely to be aggressive.
Values and attitudes) with them, which influence their adaptation to the prison environment. They believe that interpersonal violence that occurs within a prison isn’t because of the institute itself; however, it’s the individuals’ characteristics. For example, younger inmates have a harder time adapting to the prison and have more confrontation with other inmates. They believe that violence is a good way of resolving conflict. As well as this, Black inmates have also been associated with interpersonal violence more than white inmates have.
Correctional Systems Compared United States vs Sweden Law enforcement varies from country to country as do debates about its effectiveness. This paper compares the Swedish and American penal systems with regard to prison management, types of criminals, prison designs and levels of security. It argues that based on the rates of recidivism, Sweden' s system is superior to that of the U.S. Discussion It is probably fair to say that the American penal system has switched from the idea of rehabilitation to that of punishment. The "three strikes" laws have filled up the nation's jails with people guilty of relatively minor offenses, causing overcrowding and frustration.
However, this has had more disadvantages than advantages, the main advantage being the induced fear in people of committing a crime with the thought that they will be caught and it won't be pretty afterwards. Disadvantages of new prisons however are a little more complex, because each has a purpose, a conflict, and a possible resolution. A good reference article about these kinds of prison, including life inside a prison, is detailed in the article of "Why Prisons Don't Work", by Wilbert Rideau. Rideau takes an admiring step into describing their problem and its relation into life and social perspective. Let’s take for instance the first situation he presents.
When offenders are sentenced to the department of corrections, in most states they are transported to a classification facility for an assesment and to be processed for the offenders needs. Security levels are an issue with imprissonment. Individuals will recieve a security level to decide the type of prison to be introduced to--depending on the crime commited. There is a range of security levels from minimum to supermaximum security facilities. the offender is then assignened a custody level when introduced to the prison to show the prcuastion that needs to be taken while working with them.
We must insist on humane and more cost-effective methods of punishment and prison management. Prisoners and detainees in many local, state and federal facilities, including those run by private contractors, confront conditions that are abusive, degrading and dangerous. Soaring prison populations due to harsh sentencing laws—which legislators have been reluctant to change—and immigrant detention policies coupled with tight budgets have left governments unwilling to make the investments in staff and resources necessary to ensure safe and humane
Prison is used to custody people who violate against the law inorder to deprivale their liberty as a kind of punishment. Separate the law violated citizens from the society to maintain social order, deter others potential offenders from criminal behaviour, and also ensecure the public safety. Nevertheless most of the prisoners will reintegerate to society, we should give them an opportunity to reform, however how to prevent them from recidivate is a pressing issue among the world. In US, it contain the world highest incarceration rate, 7,308,200 up to 2008 were sent to prisons and jails. The report of recidivism rate are vay, in the 2009 Florida prison recidivism study which study the prisoners who were released from 2001 to 2008 showed the
The second subculture is the ‘convicts’ these are those who have been raised in the prison system and therefore are the most likely to become aggressive as they look for power inside. The final subculture Irwin and Cressey described is the ‘straight’ subculture, these are commonly one-time offenders who do not fit in with other criminals and therefore tend to not be aggressive as they associate more with the guards. Supporting evidence for Irwin and Cressey's theory of institutional aggression comes from Poole and Regoli who found that pre-institutional violence is commonly the best predictor of further aggression in inmates within juvenile institutions. This is therefore supporting the idea that it is the characteristics of prisoners that are brought inside the institutions that lead to aggression, rather than the prison acting as a corrupting force. This idea that not all inmates share a distinct set of values but rather individual subcultures are created around more individualistic beliefs suggests an idiographic approach to explaining institutional aggression.
Whereas on the other hand the Conflict Model of the contemporary criminal justice system refers to a model of crime where the criminal justice system is seen to be used by the ruling class to control the lower class. It argues that the organizations of the criminal justice system should work competitively to produce justice instead of cooperatively. It argues things like worries over fame promotion and other things like wages cause the criminal justice system to conflict its self. One example from within the system is between Police and prison officials. Police desire to put criminals into prison whereas prison officials are concerned about overcrowding facilities may desire to release criminals from prison 2.
They are both ran in similar ways and possess some of the same problems such as prison and jail violence amongst inmates and guards. The differences that can be seen is that these institutions are based off of the length of time that the offender has to serve. Short term stays and holding facilities are exclusive institution for jails. Offenders with long term convictions are exclusively housed in prisons. These institutions are helps to balance out the criminal justice system.