Appearance of the Cerebral Hemispheres and the Mechanisms of the Cerebral Cortex

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Appearance of the Cerebral Hemispheres and the Mechanisms of the Cerebral cortex The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is found occupying the entire concave area of the cranial vault, situated in the anterior and middle cranial fossa. The cerebrum may be divided into the interior core and exterior cerebral hemispheres, being called the diencephalons and telencephalon respectively. Each hemisphere has a covering of gray matter referred to as the cortex, which is found to be associated with functional localization, both of which will be described below. Firstly, the external appearance of the telencephalon will be discussed followed by an outline of the associated mechanisms of the cortex. The cerebrum is composed of two symmetrical hemispheres which are separated by a deep midline sagittal fissure which is deemed the longitudinal fissure, which contains a fold of dura matter, the flax cerebri. In the depths of this longitudinal fissure is a great commisure, the corpus callosum which connects the two hemispheres. The hemispheres are separated from the cerebellum by a fold of dura matter termed the tentorium cerebelli. The hemispheres have both deep fissures or sulci and raised areas or a gyrus, which allow for further division of the cortex. The main sulcus is the central sulcus, which indents the superior-medial surface of each hemisphere. This sulcus runs downward and forward on the lateral aspect, and is the only sulcus to indent the superior-medial boarder, as well be separated from the lateral sulcus below. The deep cleft on the inferior lateral surface is the lateral sulcus, and is used as a marker to separate the lobes of the hemispheres. The lateral sulcus has a stem which arises on the interior surface, and is further subdivided into three rami: the anterior horizontal ramus most anterior, the anterior ascending ramus, and

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