The accounts are assessed base in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to ensure they are represented fairly. Tests of Controls The test of controls purpose for the acquisition and payments cycle is for the detection of understatements. Tests of controls for this cycle would include: 1. Verify that correct documents (purchase order, purchase requisition and vendor’s invoice) are prepared and attached to the voucher and examined for existence when submitted to appropriate departments. 2.
Sales and Collection Cycle The sales and collection cycle will entail researching of Apollo Shoes journal of sales in search of abnormal transactions and records. The process of this audit test procedures begins when a customer purchases a product from Apollo, and ends with the receipt of the complete payment from the customer. The test of controls the auditors will perform comprises the completeness, accuracy, and classification of transactions and will include accounting for a sequence of shipping documents, observing whether monthly statements are sent, and examining document packaging for internal verification. It will also test of controls for a sequence of shipping documents and the substantive tests will be to compare the date of recording the sale in the sales journal with duplicate sales invoices and bills of lading. Finally, the test of controls for the posting and summarization objective will be to examine evidence that the accounts receivable master file is reconciled to the general ledger and observe whether monthly statements are sent to customers.
GAAP stands for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The common set of accounting principles, standards and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements. GAAP are a combination of authoritative standards (set by policy boards) and simply the commonly accepted ways of recording and reporting accounting information. GAAP are imposed on companies so that investors have a minimum level of consistency in the financial statements they use when analyzing companies for investment purposes. GAAP cover such things as revenue recognition, balance sheet item classification and outstanding share measurements.
The existence assertion is to make sure that the client and accounts exist, the completeness is to make sure that all of the balances are recorded, and the valuation is to make sure that the balances are recorded at the correct amount. It is important that the auditor obtains a confirmation from a third party for the information in accounts receivables. After communicating and obtaining the information, the auditor is to evaluate the information (SAS No. 67, AU Section 330.11). The audit objectives auditors use to perform year-end sales cutoff tests are to determine if the information they obtained by the confirmation reduces the audit risk level.
This also includes educating staff about the responsibilities of maintaining costs. What are the reports that can be used for financial planning in an organisation? Profit and Loss Balance sheet Revenue and Expenditure report Cash flow statement Debtors and Creditors reports What is the process for preparing budgets or other financial plans? 1. Identify data that needs to be collected.
Mr. President, everyone at LJB needs to understand the definition of internal control and what is required of them under the SOX law since this law requires a combined effort from top management and employees alike. Internal control “consists of all the related methods and measures adopted within an organization to safeguard its assets, enhance the accuracy and reliability of its accounting records, increase efficiency of operations, and ensure compliance with laws and regulations” (Kimmel, Weygandt & Kieso, 2009, pp. 327-328). In other words, effective internal control can help companies achieve established financial goals, prevent loss of resources, and prepare reliable financial statements. Under SOX, all publicly traded U.S corporations are required to maintain an adequate system of internal control by means of developing principles of control over financial reporting as well as continually verifying that these controls are working.
TABLE OF CONENTS INTRODUCTION PG 1 COMPANY EVALUATION PG 2 COMPLIANCE AND RECOMMENDATION PG 4 SUMMARY / CONCLUSION PG 5 REFERENCES PG 6 Introduction The primary objective of Accounting Ink, is to provide LJB Company with the required information to consider the regulations for converting to a publicly traded company. Within this analysis we will identify internal controls currently being used within business operation and the required mandated internal controls enforced by the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Internal Controls are established and or regulated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There are six principles of internal controls 1) Establishment of responsibility, 2) Segregation of Duties, 3) Documentation Procedures, 4) Physical Controls, 5) Independent Internal Verification and 6) Human Resource Controls (Keller, 2012). Companies and their independent accountants or auditors should report the effectiveness of the companies internal controls based on these six principles.
Managerial Accountants should calculate net income or loss in a manner that accurately reflects the closest true costs and profits as determined by the International Federation of Accountants (IFA). To effectively help Management Accountants do this, the IFA has set in place a code of conduct that should regulate the integrity, competence, confidentiality, and credibility of a corporation. Introduction To fully understand the ethical issues of Managerial Accounting, you must first assess the difference between Managerial Accounting and Financial Accounting. Financial accounting is used for to present the status of the company to external sources such as board of directors, investors, auditors, and for reporting purposes as well. The financial side of accounting is used to represent the company’s current standing based on the past profits, net income, bad debts, and current ratio of assets to liabilities.
- Compliance Department (1,2) Why: A bank should ensure a strong compliance culture throughout its organization, where the board of directors and senior management set the right tone. The board of directors and senior management (including Head of the business and Supervisors) should set a clear risk appetite and ensure a compliance culture where financial crime is not acceptable. The Third Line of Defense helps the Bank to accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. How & Who: Develop policies for periodic internal audits (5) covering: Adequacy of bank’s policies, procedures and controls identifying key risks, addressing the identified risks and complying with laws, regulations and
You must reference all the sources of information used in your assignment. Requirement: (AC1.1) Explain the purpose and use of different accounting records. Briefly explain why it is needed and how it is used to record all the business transactions in an organisation like Tesco (PLC). (AC1.2) Assess the importance and meaning of the fundamental accounting concepts within the context of your organisation. (AC1.3) Evaluate the factors which influence the nature and structure of accounting systems of Tesco Plc.