To fix this issue, the chemical potassium hydroxide will be added that will selectively take out C02. Potassium hydroxide will chemically react with carbon dioxide by the following equation: C02 + 2 KOH -> K2CO3+ H20 A microrespirometer is the system used to measure cellular respiration. As long as the volume and temperature in the microrespirometer does not change, the pressure changes in the microrespirometer are directly relative to a change in the amount of gas in the microrespirometer. Therefore, by comparing separate microrespirometers, each with different test subjects within, we can observe the different rates at which cellular respiration occurs. Hypothesis In this experiment, the rate of cellular respiration in the germinating peas will be higher than that of the glass beads; non-germinating peas; and seeds mixed with glass beads.
1 mark AND Enzymes function best at their optimum pH, which in this case has been found to be (whatever their results indicate). When enzymes are acting at their optimum level the maximum amount of oxygen gas will be produced. 1 mark AND Enzymes begin to be denatured when the pH of the surrounding environment moves away from the optimum pH. The rate and extent of denaturation increases as the pH value moves away from the optimum pH. 1 mark AND Extreme pH denatures the enzyme, altering the shape of the active site and preventing the enzyme and substrate forming a complex, thereby decreasing the rate of the reactions.
It is important for an IV solution to have salts in it so the water and solute can be equal to create an isotonic environment. If there wasn’t, there would either be a hypotonic causing the cell to burst, or there would be hypertonic causing the cell to shrink. We created models of living cells by using dialysis tubing. The dialysis tube represented the cell membrane to act as selectively permeable to water and some solutes. We observed different solutes (NaCl, Ovalbumin, Glucose, Sucrose, and Water) in the dialysis tubing.
Osmolarity involves the movement of water across a cell membrane which is osmosis, this movement of water can be hypertonic; a higher concentration of a solute inside the cell which means the cell loses mass, hypotonic; a lower solute concentration inside the cell than outside which means the cell gains mass, or isotonic; a solute concentration the same as the outside of the cell which means there is no net movement of water. In a hypertonic solution in a cell water will leave the cell in order to balance the solute concentration making the cell shrink, in a hypotonic solution however water will enter the cell to balance the concentration. In an isotonic solution water will not move since both sides are equal in concentration. b. Purpose-The purpose of this lab was to determine the osmolarity of plant cells by using potato cores as the cells and sugar as the solute. c. Hypothesis-My hypothesis was that if the amount of solute increases then the then potato core’s weight decreases.
A plant whose cells are in a hypertonic solution will appear droopy because there is a loss of turgor pressure in each cell. When the concentration of water is the same in the cell and the solute the cell is said to be isotonic and is at equilibrium. There is no net movement of water across the membrane. (Biology Department, 2010). Surface area to volume ratio has a direct effect on the amount of water (as well as nutrients and waste) that can diffuse through the plasma membrane.
Because these processes cannot be observed by the naked eye, it is difficult for many individuals to conceptualize. To fully appreciate this fundamental relationship, it is important to have an understanding of the living body as a chemical substance, to have basic knowledge about the chemical elements that compose the living body, and to appreciate that gas (CO2) is the source of the plant's body. These complementary systems allow for the existence of animals, which need the oxygen (O2) that is produced by the plants during photosynthesis. The relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis is continuous. During photosynthesis, glucose is produced from converted sunlight energy by plants.
The cell membrane is selectively permeable so that a cell would lose water when placed in a higher solute concentrated environment and gain water when placed in a lower solute concentrated environment because of osmosis. Osmosis does not occur when there is no concentration gradient, meaning that the solute concentration of inside and outside of the cell is the same. The solution is called isotonic when the concentration of the solution is the same as the concentration inside the cell. Hypothesis * As the sucrose concentration of the solution decreases, the percentage change in mass solanum turberosum discs will increase because the greater concentration gradient results in more rapid and intense osmosis. In the solution of isotonic sucrose concentration, solanum turberosum discs will not gain or lose any mass since osmosis would not occur.
It is also important for humans to take all preventative actions to prevent flooding by using the proper damns and levees to prevent these disasters from happening. It is also important for humans to try and control the amounts of water that is used on a daily basis by taking shorter showers, flushing the toilet less, and also limiting irrigation methods for food growth to an absolute minimum. These are the sort of topics that will be covered throughout this paper to teach the readers the best possible ways of preventing overuse of water, causing natural disasters that pollute the freshwater, and protecting the freshwater so that the water cycle can do the job it is intended on doing. The Water Cycle The water cycle is the process in which the earth naturally recycles the water making it possible for the world to keep the levels of freshwater needed for survival. This cycle starts by using the heat to evaporate the water sources all over the world causing the water steam to reach the clouds in the atmosphere.
In our 2nd, we examined the effect of warmer temperature. Our research question was, ‘does catalase denature in stages or all at once as temperature increases?’ Our hypothesis was: if temperature increases, then the catalase will denature in stages as the temperature increase, the catalase will slowly stop working. We followed the procedures in the lab manual (choinski and karatit 2014) with the following expetions: For experiment 1, we used 1.5% hydrogen peroxide concentration and experimented this concentration at 4*c, 24*c (room temp. ), 44*c, 52*c and 60*c. For experiment 2, we used 3% hydrogen peroxide concentration and experiment this concentration at 21*c (room temp. ), 35*c, 45*c, 55*c, & 60*c. Figure 1: Effect of temperature on catalase activity.
When processing onions they are brought from harvesting and stored in ambient conditions until the irradiation takes place, they are then conveyed into an irradiation chamber with thick concrete walls ensuring no rays escape, and the gamma ray source is taken out of the water pool. The onions are then exposed to a low dose (up to 1kGy) of gamma rays, known as radurization, which can inhibit insects and parasite reproduction and inhibit rotting therefore extending shelf life. The onions are then conveyed out of the irradiated chamber to be