After the implementation and licensure of the live measles vaccine in 1963 the number of cases significantly dropped by 1988 in the U.S... However, in 1989-1991, the number of cases began to rise. 55,000 cases were reported with 495 deaths reported from measles. This increase was blamed on preschool aged children who had not been vaccinated with one dose of vaccine. Outbreaks were also reported in children who had been given one dose of vaccine.
Cause of the outbreak was a decreased vaccination rate. In 1989 the US went to two vaccines schedule. 2-5% of Children fail to respond to the first dose. The 2 dose schedule increases it to about a 99% efficacy. (CDC;2012) Route of transmission- Measles is only spread by humans it is a highly contagious airborne viral disease spread through the respiratory route.
The patient would continue to lose weight and almost waste away to nothing until they died. TB is usually found in the lungs, but the disease can affect other parts of the body, such as the spine, kidneys and brain. (“WHO | World Health Organization,” n.d.) Hipprocates, “The father of Western Medicine,” called phthisis (tuberculosis) as the most widespread disease of his age. (“Why Tuberculosis was called “Consumptionn”, “ n.d.). The mode of transmission that made the disease so widespread during the early Greek age is very similar to the mode of transmission in the age that we live in today.
The differences between the biomedical and social model of health is that biomedical focuses on the cure for treating and diagnosing treatment for ill patients while the social model focuses on the origins of the illness rather than the cure. (Denny and Earle 2010) The social model’s aim is to change environmental factors to allow healthier choices focusing on the psychological and social factors such as age, gender, ethnicity, religion, social class and disability. (Kirby et.al 2000) The biomedical model of medicine has been around for centuries as the dominant model used by health professionals to diagnosis disease. The model concentrates on the physical processes of disease and does not take into account psychological or social factors in the cause or treatment of the illness. (Giddens 1989) This model of health looks at individual physical functioning and describes disease and illness as a result of physical causes such as injury or infections.
A clot busting drug Streptokinase was administered immediately to disperse the thrombus. The patient had a cholesterol reading of 6.37mmol/l at the time of his MI, which was over the normal reading of 5mmol/l. He was a smoker of 15/20 cigarettes per day and his family history was that his mother died at 60 years due to an acute MI and the father had a triple bypass at the age of 70 years and died 3 years later of natural causes. The patient was then put on a waiting list for Primary Coronary Intervention (PCI). The findings of the investigations were that the patient left circumflex was diseased and needed two stints to occlude the blockages.
HCG linked to losing weight was discovered by a London physician in the 1950s. The claim states this doctor was treating boys with low testosterone levels using HCG and he noticed that they were losing abnormal fat. He linked HCG to this cause and started using HCG to treat obese patients. HCG can be used to lose weight quickly, at a rate of one to three pounds per day (because of the low caloric count). Due to the lack of nutrients this diet provides and such low calorie intake, this diet can be used for no more than 6 weeks, with a 3 week break in between.
A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease. In 1978 the first vaccine was created and mass vaccinations during that year caused a substantial decline in the number of meningitis outbreaks (Fredericks, n.d.). There are three main types of meningococcal disease serogroups: B, C, and Y. Worldwide there are also A and W-135. USA vaccines cover A, C, W-135, and Y but not B (Coffee, 2015).
Because natural selection occurred. As with Staphylococcus aureus, a few bacteria were resistant to penicillin. Therefore, they were selected over and over again to reproduce, until the entire population of bacteria became resistant to penicillin. A new antibiotic called methicillin became available in 1959 to treat penicillin-resistant bacterial strains, but by 1997, 40% of hospital staph infections were caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA. Now, community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) can spread freely through the general populace, particularly when people are in close contact.
Evolution and Antibiotic Resistance To understand antibiotic resistance you have to understand what role each species has in creating antibiotic resistance today. In the article I chose the author talks about the different species and their role in antibiotic resistance. Physicians and scientist have asked for lower uses of antibiotics to slow the process of antibiotic resistance. They still continue to use antibiotics in things like water, and food. The first example is the prophylactic us of antibiotics in fish farms.
Microbiology in the News: Poop Pills Elaine Altman Breckinridge School of Nursing Microbiology Anu Gupta December 20, 2014 Microbiology in the News: Poop Pills Shawn Mulligan, 53, of Calgary, Canada, is among the first patients to test prototype poop pills to cure the recurrent intestinal infections caused by Clostridium difficile also known as C. diff. Even though the idea was distasteful when he thought about it, the results were quick and was life changing for him. Shawn was one of the first people suffering from a terrible gut infection caused by the germ C. diff, to get better using fecal transplants. The fecal transplants can be delivered through nose tubes, colonoscopies or enemas, but he was one of the first to have it transplanted through poop