According to the World Health Organization, Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by contaminated food or water. From the time a person is infected, the disease will show up in as little as one day. Cholera causes severe diarrhea and vomiting that leads to dehydration and kill within hours if left untreated. With proper fluids and antibiotics, cholera is an easily treatable disease. In 2010, the Haiti National Public Health Laboratory declared a cholera outbreak in Haiti after being notified of a sudden increase in patients with diarrhea and dehydration.
The mode of transmission that made the disease so widespread during the early Greek age is very similar to the mode of transmission in the age that we live in today. If Hipprocates were alive today, I believe that he would think that the epidemic of his day was alive and present again with the statistic that nine million people fell ill with TB in 2013. (“WHO | World Health Organization,” n.d.) While most people have had their focus on Ebola this year, few people have recognized the TB outbreak that has happened in Atlanta over the past couple of years in its homeless shelters. According to the Georgia Health News, 2014, there have been 47 cases of TB with three deaths and it’s the same kind that caused the outbreak in Atlanta in 2009. (“TB Outbreak In Atlanta, ,
(Wikipedia contributors) The virus also remains alive and contagious on exposed surfaces and in the air for up two hours. Measles is highly contagious, over 95 percent of non-immunized children will develop the disease if exposed to the virus. (CDC) Symptoms of the disease first appear 10 to 12 days after initial exposure to the virus. These symptoms include cough, runny nose,fever, malaise, red watery eyes , koplik’s spots and the hallmark skin rash. (CDC) Initially a fever develops, followed by runny nose, cough and water eyes and koplik’s spots(small white spots that develop within the cheek and mouth).
Smallpox is an incredibly deadly virus. It has a 20-60% fatality rate (80% in children). Small Pox has two variants, Variola Major, and Variola Minor. It comes from the Latin name Variola (once again that class helps me) meaning spots or pimple. Being a Virus, Smallpox cannot be cured, only vaccinated against.
A European physician, Professor A Weichselbaum, discovered the cause of the mysterious cerebro-spinal meningitis illness in 1887 and Penicillin was the first antibiotic used to fight the disease. In 1978 the first vaccine was created and mass vaccinations during that year caused a substantial decline in the number of meningitis outbreaks (Fredericks, n.d.). There are three main types of meningococcal disease serogroups: B, C, and Y. Worldwide there are also A and W-135. USA vaccines cover A, C, W-135, and Y but not B (Coffee, 2015).
After the implementation and licensure of the live measles vaccine in 1963 the number of cases significantly dropped by 1988 in the U.S... However, in 1989-1991, the number of cases began to rise. 55,000 cases were reported with 495 deaths reported from measles. This increase was blamed on preschool aged children who had not been vaccinated with one dose of vaccine. Outbreaks were also reported in children who had been given one dose of vaccine.
Bach Dang Mosaics II 2/5/2013 Blog 2 “Vaccination against smallpox” is a book written by Edward Jenner which describes the progress of vaccination to eradicate smallpox. From the first several pages of his book, Edward presents about the signs of the disease and the way he takes advantage of cowpox to weaken smallpox. On page 14, the author clearly depicts the symptoms and how they transfer from animals to humans who interact with them. In the history, Smallpox was introduced to Europe between the fifth and seventh centuries and was frequently epidemic during the period of Middle Ages. The disease had greatly affected the development of the Western civilization.
These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies in the Americans. Simon Bolivar was an influence of the Latin American Revolution. His goals were to mold the former Spanish colonies of South America into a confederation just like the U.S. The Latin American War of Independence comprised numerous wars and conflicts which took place between 1808 - 1829. He fought against Spanish rule in 1811 with the inspiration of George Washington.
Diphtheria, an infectious disease communicable through coughing and sneezing, is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The diphtheria vaccination program involves mass immunisation of the population which usually administered as a booster injection to children. The diphtheria vaccination program had been relatively successful with no catastrophic outbreaks worldwide. In 2000, 30000 cases of diphtheria were reported worldwide with 3000 fatalities. The oral polio vaccine, developed in 1957 by Albert Sabin through attenuation, and the injected polio vaccine, developed in 1952 by Jonas Salk, assisted in the global effort against polio.
This was thought to be the worst form of the plagues and they usually had a life expectancy of around 1-2 days. The last type caused the septicemic version of the disease was spread more traditionally type which was passed from one infected person to another and this type attacked the blood system of the victim. They symptoms of this were very high fevers and purple skin patches. In most cases of the pneumonic and particularly septicemic plague the progress of the disease is so rapid that there would often be no time for the development of the enlarged lymph nodes that were noted as buboes. Many modern scholars accept that the lethality of the Black Death came from the combination of bubonic and pneumonic plague with other diseases and warn that every historical mention of 'pest' was not necessarily bubonic plague.