Analysis Of "ballad Of Birmingham"

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This poem, by Dudley Randall, consists of eight, four-line stanzas that follow the metrical structure of a traditional folk ballad. This poem utilizes the ballad stanza, which consists of four lines that rhyme in an ABCB rhyme scheme. Randall’s use of irony, imagery, alliteration, assonance, metaphors, and tone all contribute to the intense effectiveness of the poem. The poem as a whole is an example of irony. The fact that the mother fears for her child’s safety and sends her to what she believes is a safe place is ultimately where her daughter meets her demise. Another specific example of irony within the poem is the fact that her mother dresses her in her fancy church clothes, white gloves included, which is ultimately the dress in which one might be buried. In lines six and seven, the words “fierce,” “wild,” “clubs,” “hoses,” and “guns” all conjure up images of fights and riots. In stanza five, the images shift to those of a pure and innocent nature with the words “rose petal sweet.” The imagery shifts again causing a feeling of panic in stanza seven with the words “explosion” and “raced.” Randall uses musical devices to emphasize the effectiveness of the poem. Alliteration in used in the following examples: “for,” “fear,” and “fire” (14) and “wet” and “wild” (26). Assonance is used in the repeated line “No, baby, no, you may not go,” (5,13) with the long “o” sound. Assonance is used again in line 21 with “smiled” and “child.” In stanza five, he uses metaphors to effectively describe the mother preparing her child to go to church. The child’s hair color is described as “night-dark” in direct contrast with her “white gloves” and “white shoes.” He also uses metaphor to describe her scent after bathing as “rose petal sweet.” The poetic device that contributes the most to the major effectiveness of “Ballad of Birmingham” is that of tone.
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