Aristotle focuses on courage and temperance as the two typical moral virtues which can be described as a mean, then discusses a whole range of minor virtues and vices which can be described as a mean, and only then discusses justice and the intellectual virtues. Aristotle places prudence amongst these intellectual virtues. Aristotle emphasizes throughout all his analyses of virtues that they aim at what is beautiful, effectively equating the good, at least for humans, with the beautiful. Aristotle's analysis of ethics makes use of his metaphysical theory of potentiality and actuality. He defines happiness in terms of this theory as an actuality; the virtues which allow happiness are dynamic-but-stable dispositions which are developed through habituation; and this pleasure in turn is another actuality that compliments the actuality of happy living.
“The actualising tendency refers to the tendency in all forms of organic life towards more complex organisation, the fulfilment of potential, and in human beings, the actualisation of the whole person including the persons self” (Merry 2002). Through my own experience I believe there is a need for positive self regard in order for an individual to make positive choices and trust in their own decisions.”To develop a sense of trust in the accuracy and reliability of our own inner experiencing” (Merry 2002). Again through personal experiences I understand the effect of the conditions of worth have on individuals. I believe that these affect us later in life and can be explored
When any action is done, it may have a right outcome which leads to happiness or a wrong outcome which produces pain. Therefore, this principle significantly determines the total joy of the world in general. The nature of human beings is governed by two key elements of pain and happiness. All human doings are inspired by the need to have pleasure or prevent pain. The principle of utility also advocates that, the correctness or incorrectness of a deed is dependent on the ability for the action to lead to joy or sadness.
For Durkheim shared religious rituals reinforced the collective conscience and maintain social integration. Durkheim also says that religion helps individuals with cognitive functions, as it teaches us basic concepts. Anthropologist, Malinowski says that religion promotes solidarity. He says it performs important psychological functions in two situations. When the outcome is important but uncontrollable, and at times of crisis.
He is poking fun at the age old concept of ‘equality,’ one that has inspired wars and movements alike; he accomplishes this by creating a system to make everyone equal, a system that happens to be just as stupid as the idea of ‘total equality.’ Under this system equality is achieved, but it is at the cost of individual freedom and a society full of stupid people, this in-turn creates the situational irony found in the story. The plot of the story itself is a piece of situational irony, however there are many other instances found throughout it, including verbal irony. One specific example of this is when Hazel and George are talking, Vonnegut writes “ ‘I think I’d make a good Handicapper General. (Hazel)’ ‘Good as anybody else,’ said George.” His response to Hazel’s comment is slightly sarcastic, but also ironic, in that she really would be “as good anybody else” because in their society everyone is just as good or bad as everybody else. Another example of this false sense of equality is when George says,
Or is his belief of homosexuality simply ill advised? The fact of the matter and the reason why this happened is merely based on how well we’re educated. And, the brilliance supporting intellectual pluralism lives in concentrating on dogmas and prejudice and making them publicly constructive by pitting
To which the id demands pleasure and satisfaction, the ego deals with the demands from the id and superego, and the superego is the ethical element which is the conscience and may produce feelings of guilt. The Behaviorism perspective is where any physical action is a behavior which everything that is living does such as acting, thinking, and feeling. Arthur W. Staats’ merges psychological concepts like personality within a behavioral model like Basic Behavioral Repertoires. Humanistic Perspective is the positive image of what it means to be a human being. The ones who theorize the humanistic perspective focus mostly on methods that allow fulfillment of potential.
Once the needs have been fulfilled or achieved, people are then able to move to the next level. Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior (Cherry, 2010). Existentialism uses a philosophical approach which is called phenomenology. Phenomena are the contents of consciousness within an individual which are, the things, qualities, relationships, acts, memories, feelings, thoughts, fantasies, images, events, and so on, which we experience in our
Gaining new information about people or other groups b. Diffusing more serious conflict c. Increasing cohesiveness Conflict as Destructive: Assumptions: a. conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace, the social system should be adjusted to the needs of members; rather, members should adapt to established values When conflict does arise, the strong spiritual value of pacifism dictates a nonresistant response-often avoidance. Ting-Toomey (1991): suggests that these orientations are based on different cultural values for identity and face saving. Low conflict cultures 1. Interpersonal practices that build security and trust 2. Strong linkage between individual and community interests 3.
Critical thinking would allow one to be able to “second-guess” themselves but in a more constructive manner that is conducive to their needs and wants. What Is Critical Thinking? Critical thinking is a self-motivated, self-guided, and methodic approach to our thinking process. Critical thinking affords us the opportunity to base our decision making processes off of key essential elements, they are: clarity, assurance, and rational understanding. Critical thinking allows us the chance to place importance and meaning on our past and current situations; while at the same time, shaping, molding, and directing the outcomes of our future by influencing our choices and decisions that we will make.