Personality Danjerell Burks PSY/250 April 3, 2014 Jaime Stone Personality In this paper I will explain the theories of Freud, Alder, and Jung. These three men have studied human personality and have some conclusions in common and others they have their different opinions about personality Sigmund Freud’s work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. Jung believed the human psyche exists in three parts: the ego (the conscious mind), the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Jung believed the collective unconscious was a reservoir of all the experience and knowledge of the human species.
The Character I Have Formed Character is defined as “the group of ethical and mental characteristics that mark a person or group.” I believe many experiences in our lives define who we are and the character that is produced. Helen Keller once said “Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and success achieved.” My character has been formed by learning from my mistakes, my parents, and those around me who influence me. I believe the main way a person’s character is formed is through making mistakes and learning from them, specifically for me. I have made several mistakes in my life but that is okay because
It raised the client’s awareness about the inconsistence between her words and behaviors and encouraged her to think about her level of satisfaction in the relationship; on the other hand, it helped the worker to explore deeply her feelings about the relationship. As a matter of fact, studies indicate that challenges can lead to clients’ resistance and are infrequently used in the counseling sessions (e.g. Olson & Clariborn, 1990; Barkham & Shapiro, 1986). However, other studies show that challenges, if presented appropriately, can be helpful to therapeutic relationship (Cloud & Townsand, 2003; Hill, 2004; Culley & Bond, 2004). Here the essay aims to discuss why using challenges in an appropriate manner can be helpful to therapeutic relationship and facilitate the case progress.
Hobson believes that because problems in our life are usually through interpersonal relationships, we should resolve these problems through a therapeutic relationship. The quality of the relationship is crucial for the effectiveness of the therapy. PIT consists of several interlinking components, of which include ‘explanatory rationale’ and ‘staying with feelings’. A potential strength of PIT is that it is just as effective if not more so than current treatments at improving depressive symptoms. Research support comes from Elkin, who found that when compared to CBT, PIT is just as effective at treating depression.
Psychology- as explored through the eyes of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow When Carl Jung says, “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves”, he very aptly describes the role that Psychology plays in exploring and examining the processes of the human brain and how that impacts our behaviors and personality. Comparing the theories of Jung and Maslow could take hours since each one had enough to say about what their beliefs were about the human condition. But while Carl Jung focused on how the unconscious affected our personality (Introversion and Extraversion), Abraham Maslow focused on the integration of self (Self-Actualization Theory). Jung believed that there were active centers in the unconscious
Role of education Darcy Fletcher Functionalists believe education performs two contradictory functions , on one hand they believe that educations prepares children for their specialised role acquired to their skills and potential. So they can perform at the best they can at their role after education. On the contrary they believe society needs to share the same goals and outlook in order to co-operate. Functionalism is based on the view that society is a system of interdependant parts which is held together by value consensus. Durkheim argued that society has to feel a sense of social solidarity , he believes that without this form of social cohesion , society would be impossible because each person would pursue their own ‘ selfish’ desires.
Ellis, whose work was influenced by Alfred Adler & behaviourists John Dollard & Joseph Wolpe, began developing what is now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). His model was based on the philosophy that our perception of what is happening, affects us more greatly than the actual events themselves. Psychiatrist Aaron Beck also began looking at how our behaviour is determined by attitudes & assumptions derived from previous experiences & how these could be a block to behavioural therapy on its own. He began to develop his own model using techniques that amalgamated both behavioural & cognitive therapy, which he called Cognitive Therapy. This model has evolved into what we now recognise as CBT.
Personality can mean many things but collectively the definition according to Feist & Feist in 2006, “…a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” (Feist & Feist, 2006). It is hard to understand personality when no one can even agree about the true definition of personality so that is why we have to study it and assess the information that will help us understand what influences our own traits and characteristics. Quantifiable Human Nature The field of psychology is based on the basic ways in which humans will react through perceptions, position, and the point of views from of a lot of theorists. In the area of psychology according to Feist and Feist in 2009, “there are six dualistic dimensions on human nature and they are determinism versus free choice, pessimism versus optimism, causality versus teleology, conscious versus unconscious determinants of behavior, biological versus social influences, and finally uniqueness versus similarities” (Feist & Feist). First a thing where a human does anything willingly is called free choice.
Analyzing Counseling Theories Tracy Wright Walden University Analyzing Counseling Theories Part 1: Chart | Theory 1: Adlerian | Theory 2: Psychoanalytic | Background Theory | * Alfred Adler * early 1900s * originally called ‘individual psychology’ * conflicted with Freud | * Sigmund Freud * early 1900s * ‘talking cure’ | Human Nature | * positive * developmental perspective * social embeddedness | * irrational forces * unconscious motivations * biological drives | Major Constructs | * holistic * choice and responsibility * private logic * plus and minus situations | * id, ego, superego * psychosexual development * life and death instincts * defense mechanisms * transference and countertransference | Applications | * all ages * cross-cultural * individual * couples * family | * all ages * individual * mild to moderate disturbances * not cross-cultural | Evaluations | * simple and accessible * supported by case studies * birth order continues to be studied * lack of depth * lack of empirical evidence | * breadth and depth * comprehensive * influenced many other theories * lengthy * costly * lack of empirical evidence | Part 2: Reflection I. In the future, I would like to work with at-risk youth ages 14-21. In my community this includes urban, suburban, and rural young people at-risk for dropping out of school, teen pregnancy, drug abuse, and violence. II. Adlerian therapy would be most effective with this population because it addresses personal history, past patterns, social context, and future goals.
Alfred Adler It could be understood that Adler’s theories stem from is experiences as a working physician. Through this work he had the opportunity to study a person’s strengths and weaknesses which, led to his organ inferiority theory. This theory was based on the organ inferiority deemed as illness, physical handicaps and the person’s personality and self-image (Goodwin, 2008). Alfred Alder, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud all shared the same theories regarding personality. Alder refuted Freud’s ideals of separation of Id (represents the human’s basic drives), Ego (represents the pleasure-seeking desires put upon by society), and Superego (represents cultural values and norms within the individual) (Macionis, 2007).