Acid Rain Essay

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ACID RAIN Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve very easily in water and can be carried very far by the wind. As a result, the two compounds can travel long distances where they become part of the rain, sleet, snow, and fog that we experience on certain days -http://epa.gov/acidrain/education/site_students/whatcauses.html Acid rain is caused by the release of the gases SO2 (sulphur dioxide) and NOX (nitrous oxides). The main sources of SO2 in South Africa are coal-fired power stations and metal working industries. The main sources of NOX emissions are vehicles and fuel combustion. Sulphur dioxide reacts with water vapour and sunlight to form sulphuric acid. Likewise NOX form nitric acid in the air. These reactions take hours, or even days, during which polluted air may move hundreds of kilometres. Thus acid rain can fall far from the source of pollution. When mist or fog droplets condense they will remove pollutants from the air and can become more strongly acid than acid rain. Even snow can be acid. Gases and particles, not dissolved in water, with a low pH can also be deposited directly onto soil, grass and leaves. It is possible that even more acidity is deposited in this way than by rain! Not much is known about this process, and it is particularly difficult to study *The range of ph in acid rain and how this is linked to the concentration of acid -http://www.bcb.uwc.ac.za/envfacts/facts/acidrain.htm Acid precipitation affects stone primarily in two ways: dissolution and alteration. When sulphurous, sulphuric, and nitric acids in polluted
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