Acid And Base Definition

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Acid and Bases Essay Acid Compound that gives off H+ ions in solution. Base Substance which gives off hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Definitions of acids and bases Arrhenius acid: generates [H+] in solution base: generates [OH-] in solution normal Arrhenius equation: acid + base salt + water example: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Brønsted-Lowery: acid: anything that donates a [H+] (proton donor) base: anything that accepts a [H+] (proton acceptor) normal Brønsted-Lowery equation: acid + base acid + base example: HNO2(aq) + H2O(aq) NO2-(aq)+ H3O+(aq) Each acid has a conjugate base and each base has a conjugate acid. These conjugate pairs only differ by a proton. In this example: NO2- is the conjugate base of the acid HNO2 and H3O+ is the conjugate acid of the base H2O. Lewis: acid: accepts an electron pair base: donates an electron pair The advantage of this theory is that many more reactions can be considered acid-base reactions because they do not have to occur in solution A salt is formed when an acid and a base are mixed and the acid releases H+ ions while the base releases OH- ions. This process is called hydrolysis. The pH of the salt depends on the strengths of the original acids and bases: These salts are acidic or basic due to their acidic or basic ions. When weak acids or weak bases react with water, they make strong conjugate bases or conjugate acids, respectively, which determines the pH of the salt Strong Acids: These acids completely ionize in solution so they are always represented in chemical equations in their ionized form. There are only seven (7) strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO3, HClO4 Weak Acids: These are the most common type of acids. They follow the equation: HA(aq) H+(aq) +

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