Reaction rate is affected by any catalysts present (which speed up the reaction usually with an intermediate step), temperature (increases the number of particles collisions), concentration (increases the number of collisions), and surface area (increases the space available for collisions). Reactions can only occur when collisions take place. The most generic form of the rate law is Rate = K * [A]m * [B]n where (k is a constant specific to an equation and temperature). Now, the compounds A and B might not have any effect on the rate, which would cause them to drop out of the equation completely, or they might have so much effect that they are raised an order (squaring the concentration). The rate law for this reaction is k [CV+]m[OH-]n. Since the hydroxide ion concentration at the beginning is about 1000 times larger than the concentration of crystal violet, [OH-] will not change that much during this
Thermal runaway reaction occurs when the heat generated by a reaction goes beyond the heat removal caused by the available cooling capacity. Heat is accumulated leading to a gradual rise in the temperature of the reaction mass; this causes an increase to the rate of reaction and increases the speed of rate of heat generation. [1] Why are thermal runaway reactions dangerous on industrial scale? Thermal runaway reactions are always said to be dangerous on an industrial scale since the reactions go faster in an industry where they tend to reach higher temperatures. As you would already know that exothermic reactions tend to release quite a large amount of heat, so when the reaction mixture gets very warm, a very hot exothermic reaction begins.
As a reverse DC voltage is applied across the diode, its capacitance varies. The higher the voltage, the less the capacitance. This is due to depletion layers of the diode junction, but we wont get into details here. This variable capacitor in conjunction with the stub, which is actually an inductor (coil) is the basis of our voltage controlled oscillator! As the voltage increases across D5, the frequency of oscillation increases.
The half reactions for this system are: Oxidation of 〖Fe〗^(2+): 〖Fe〗^(2+)→ 〖Fe〗^(3+)+1e^- Reduction of 〖MnO〗_4^-: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5e^-→ 〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Which produces the following overall equation: 〖MnO〗_4^-+8H_3 O^++5〖Fe〗^(2+)→5〖Fe〗^(3+)+〖Mn〗^(2+)+12H_2 O Equilibrium is initially obtained at a very slow rate, therefore the titration is carried out in the presence of excess sulphuric acid (H_2 〖SO〗_4) at a high temperature; in order to drastically increase the rate at which equilibrium is attained. Potassium permanganate acts as its own satisfactory indicator since the reagent 〖MnO〗_4^- anion appears to be an intense purple colour while the product 〖Mn〗^(2+) cation has a colourless appearance. However, the end point must be read quickly as the permanganate end point gradually fades due to the 〖MnO〗_4^- reacting with the 〖Mn〗^(2+) that was formed during the titration. When performing the titration, one must be cautious as side reactions can occur and these side reactions must be prevented using appropriate chemical measures. If an insufficient amount of acid was
The stronger the magnet the greater the field. The static magnetic field can have mechanical effects on the pacemaker. It has been known to effect certain parts of the pacemaker allowing it to revert to different intervals of pacing. It also has the ability to reprogram or reset the device all together. The static magnetic field exerts a magnetic force that can dislodge the pacemaker leads.
The potential energy of a spring depends on what the spring is made of and how far back the spring is pulled. The stiffer the spring, the more energy can be stored, and the further it is pulled back, the more energy is stored. I collected data by taking a ruler holding it and saw how high it went
The proton is raised to the higher energy spin state after absorbing the electromagnetic energy. Theoretically, the upward and downward transitions are produced equivalently yet the upward transition is stimulated more commonly because lower energy state is occupied more greatly. The greater the energy differences between the upper and lower state, the stronger the NMR signals produced.
d. Their values get larger as the temperature is increased. e. An order equal to zero means there is no concentration dependence with rate. 2. The gas phase reaction A + B C has a reaction rate which is experimentally observed to follow the relationship rate = k[A]2[B]. The overall order of the reaction a. is first.
For the first procedure, we increased the frequency until we found resonance, and recorded frequencies and nodes to calculate wavelength. We did this for first harmonic through fourth harmonic, and then found the velocities using our measurements. In the first harmonic phase, our signal generated frequency was 36±1 Hz, wire frequency was 72 Hz, the number of nodes was 2 and the wavelength was 1.200 m. This was found by using the equation λ=2L/n. For the second procedure, using a wire of a certain linear mass density we found the frequency of the wire as it oscillated in its fundamental mode, or lowest resonance mode, as we increased the tension by moving the hanging mass to a higher notch. We performed this procedure again using a wire with a different linear mass
Giant magnetoresistance, which is best to be called as GMR, where GMR refers to the resistance of two terminal devices consisting of alternating layers of non-magnetic and ferromagnetic films. The effect is manifested as a significant electrical resistance change depending on the relative magnetization direction of the adjacent ferromagnetic layers. The resistance is high when the ferromagnetic layers are in antiparallel configuration (magnetization direction opposite) and low for parallel configuration (magnetization direction