P3 Outline the gross structure and function of all the main body systems Cardiovascular - Heart The heart is a muscular hollow organ and is the size of an adults closed fist. It is located in the thoracic cavity between the lungs and protected by the rib cage. The heart is a double pump, each side consisting of a muscular upper chamber (the atrium) and a lower chamber (the ventricle). (Stretch B, 2010, P199) The heart is split into 4 different sections, the right side (tricuspid) of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood from the veins to the lungs for oxygenation. The left side (bicuspid) pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the body; the left chamber has a bigger muscular wall than the other chambers and is stronger, so it is able to pump the blood the whole of the body including the head and neck, as it is against the force of gravity.
- Passive transport does not require an energy input. - The diffusion of glucose from the convoluted tubules back into the capillaries. 3.6 Explain how the processes of filtration and reabsorption in the mammalian nephron regulate body fluid composition. - Filtration is the process by which the blood is cleaned in the Bowman’s capsule. Red blood cells and proteins are too big to fit through the pores within the filtration system of the capsule.
Single membrane compartment organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Ribosomes don’t have a membrane. The breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of the heart because lysosomal enzymes are normally bound safely inside vesicles that will digest the plasma membranes and the membranes of the organelles. Question D: Two important pieces of information- The instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease-are both contained within the cell on which structures? (A) Joseph’s predisposition means that he inherited vascular disease which is held in the
The arteries carry nutrients and oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues. The veins return de-oxygenated blood to the heart, where the cycle repeats itself continuously. However the blood vessels have a closed type of cardiovascular system in which blood doesn’t come in direct contact with the body tissues. Instead the blood flows in restricted pathways called blood vessels. The blood vessels are pathways of blood flow in the body.
C.) Eukaryotic organelles are enclosed by lipid membranes. There are those that have double-membrane compartments such as chloroplast and mitochondria among others. Single-membrane compartment organelles include endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. However, Ribosomes do not have a membrane. The breakdown of the membranes of these structures, affect the function of his heart cells because lysosomal enzymes which are normally bound safely inside vesicles will digest the plasma membranes and the membranes of the organelles.
Joseph’s Story Case Study B. Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped, what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? ATP will not be produced once the heart stops. Blood with oxygen and glucose will stop moving the cells along therefore the cellular process and membrane functions affected would be mitochondrion with the site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that make most of the cell’s ATP. Without respiration, the cells cannot produce waste which is the carbon dioxide.
Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites Answer: Bacteria Bacteria are single-cell microorganisms which generally exist in large numbers and are microscopic in size. Bacteria can be either beneficial (bacteria in the intestinal tract aid digestion and are part of the normal body flora) or can be the cause of disease (for example pneumonia, food poisoning or bacterial meningitis). Viruses A virus is an infectious agent which can only live and replicate inside organism cells. The main difference between viruses and bacteria is that they are unable to reproduce in food – they need a living host cell to replicate. They replicate by infecting and taking over the functions of the host cell.
What are the 2 main organs of the respiratory system in a frog? (1 pt) Lungs and skin Circulatory System 15. What is the function of the circulatory system in frogs and humans? (1 pt) Provides a way to move blood throughout the body 16. What are the smallest vessels in the body?
A cell membrane is important as it encloses all the contents within a cell. The cell membrane regulates what goes into and out of the cell. It expels waste and protects the cell from viruses. It allows the cell to receive nutrients and water. 4.
| Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum | "Smooth" indicates that there are no ribosomes attached to the surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is where proteins and lipids are produced within the cell, and is also concerned with the transport of these materials within the cell. | Lysosome | Lysosomes are tiny sacs filled with enzymes that enable the cell to utilize its nutrients. Lysosomes also destroy the cell after it has died, though there are some circumstances (diseases/conditions) in which lysosomes begin to 'break-down' living cells. | Nucleolus | The nucleolus is responsible for the cell organelles (e.g.