By establishing differences between psychiatry and psychology,how counselling and psychotherapy emerged from these disciplines becomes clearer.Psychiatry relates to the process of healing the mind through medical intervention.Psychology has its roots within academic study and research of human and animal perception.Psychoanalysis is ‘interested in exploration of the unconscious mind in order to cure’. [psychoanalysis-techniques]From Freud,,the seeds of contemporary counselling and psychotherapy practice were sown.The journey to it’s current position is neither rigid or fixed within it’s application of ideas.Perhaps becoming more apparent by viewing current practice as originating from the same tree root but realizing itself as different branches inevitably intertwining and overlapping.The position of many of the originators of psychotherapeutic theories were within psychology Nelson-Jones[2006]and their ideas permeated through to counselling and psychotherapy and discussed as follows: From my research I established the view that there are three main schools of thought.The psychodynamic;the humanistic-existential and the cognitive-behavioural schools.For the
In psychology people such as Freud, Maslow and Rogers play an important role in understanding the self, whereas society can be explained by sociological figures such as Durkheim in sociology. The psychologist, Freud’s theory of personality suggests that our personality is structured by the interactions of our id, superego and ego. The id being our pleasure principle; it is the selfish part of our self and causes us to desire things such as food and sex. It is an unconscious part of our personality and present from birth. The superego is our morality principle which we develop from three to six years old, it helps us to define the difference between right and wrong and Freud suggested that it is often in conflict with the id.
Unconscious urges are described by Freud in his psychoanalytic theory. Observable behavior is emphasized in Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. The interaction of nature and nurture is emphasized in social learning theories · Which theories emphasize the impact of early experience on development? · How does each theory view the child? · How do the theories view adult development?
M1: Discuss the nature-nurture debate in relation to the development of an individual. The definition of learning through ‘nature’ is that things that we know which are innate. These things are biologically caused and genetically inherited. The definition of ‘nurture’ is the effect of the environment has on our learning. The nature-nurture debate is all about whether genetics (nature) or our environment (nurture) is responsible for our behaviour and development.
Example a Person being told to hold a book (stimulus) would respond by holding the book. This stimulus response theory forms the basis of conditioning which suggests learning in humans and animals can take place through the association of a response with particular stimuli. It also assumes that we are all born as a blank slate also known as tabula rasa and so equal at birth. It is environmental factors rather than genetic or biological differences that make people behave differently. This approach is based on the concept of explaining behaviour through observation, and the belief that out environment is what causes humans to behave differently or suffer illnesses.
Essay Title “Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue” 2536 Words Georgia Cooke This assignment will answer the statement “Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue”. I will begin by detailing Freud’s psychosexual theory and show its proposed relationship to adult neurotic behaviour. Some of the criticisms and weaknesses of the Freudian theory will then be discussed, followed by a brief description of alternative theory to Freud’s. I will then touch upon its relevance in the twenty first century. To conclude I will clarify the key points made within the essay and detail what I have learnt.
Central to Freud's theory, and perhaps his greatest contribution to psychology, is the notion that our psyche is composed of parts within our awareness and beyond our awareness. Freud used the term psychoanalysis to label his theories and techniques for identifying and curing the mental problems of his patients. This essay will outline the main concepts that surround Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, thus showing how it can help us understand our clients presenting issues. In order for me to do this I will firstly describe the psychosexual stages in relation to personality development followed by briefly identifying some of the main criticisms. I will lastly concentrate on discussing the applications of his theory to therapy today.
Social Psychology Tandy Noonan Learning and Cognition/PSY400 12/19/2011 Dave Brueshoff Social Psychology Definition Paper How do we define Social Psychology and what influences does it have on individuals? When one understands social psychology they will be able to help others in being the best they can. In this paper you will find the definition of social psychology. Along with the definition of social psychology, you will find a discussion on how social psychology is different from sociology. Defining social psychology "Social psychology is a science that studies the influences of our situation, with special attention to how we view and affect one another; social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about; influenced, and relate to one another.
Freud and Piaget: Comparing and Contrasting a Psychoanalytical and CognitiveTheory of Human Development-Jaime Lee MitchellExamining the Freudian view of human development, it is seen that the mainfocus characterizing human development is one of a primitive and sexual nature.Freud defines the “id” as part of the mind focused on the primitive self, one thatremains unconscious and is the source of instinctual impulses as well as thedemands of basic primitive needs. Freud explains that the mind of an infantconsists only of the id, driving the basic needs for comfort, food, warmth, etcetera. Later in development, as a child experiences the demands andconstrictions of reality, the ego is formed. The ego can be defined as theimmediate branch between consciousness and reality therefore, controlling thoughtand behavior. In late pre-school years a child then develops what is called asuperego, or simply put, a conscience.
What arguments would a sociologist use to counter the idea that “Biology is destiny”? The idea that “biology is destiny” is an intrinsic element of what is known as the genetic self, the nature part of the nature or nurture debate. A sociologist will use points with grounds in social influences on the self to argue that rather than biology, there are other elements such as socialization that affect how we behave and are “destined” to be. This paper demonstrates the ideas and research of several sociologists to counter the ‘destiny of biology’ as it were, to show that development and behaviour are not pre-determined by genetics but instead by other, social-related factors, and goes on to level the argument with the notion that perhaps both are mutually influential on one another in the outcome of the self. Determinism is the philosophical doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.