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The encyclopedia Wikipedia states that the study of climate changes taken on the scale of the entire history of Earth is termed as Paleclimatology. It uses records from ice sheets, tree rings, sediment, and rocks to determine the past state of the climate system on the Earth.” The climate on the earth has always been changing and will continue to do so in the future. Climate shifts are a repeating feature in Earth’s history. However, this alone does not tell much about the climate system and how, or to what degree different parameters bring about the climatic changes Nowadays this has been accelerated largely from greenhouse gas emissions that arise from our massive and growing appetite for fossil fuels. As pointed out by Joan Bernhard and Dan McCorkle Associate Scientists
Geology and Geophysics at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution “Humans have added so much greenhouse gas (especially carbon dioxide) to the atmosphere that climate is warming in our lifetimes.”

According to their study “thousands of scientists are now striving to predict how a sharp rise in greenhouse gas concentrations will affect the entire climate system, including the ecosystems and societies that it supports. It is known that past climate changes have concurred with changes in the circulation and temperatures of the deep ocean. So understanding how and why deep-sea temperatures changed could help in understanding past climate changes and predict future changes. But estimating the past temperature of the deep ocean has to rely on proxy measurements, not direct ones.
Fortunately, nature has dropped a recording thermometer into our hands. Scientists have discovered that the chemical composition of shells of marine organisms hold and preserve clues to past water temperatures: The composition is different in shells forming at different temperatures. Climate scientists now widely use aspects of shell composition as well as coral species as proxies for past...