Damage to these areas of the brain can change a person’s behaviour for example damage to the frontal lobe can affect personality. Another assumption of the biological approach is behaviour can be explained in terms of hormones. Hormones regulate different behaviours. Hormones are biochemical substances that are produced by endocrine glands such as pituitary glands and adrenal glands. Hormones are transported through the blood stream to various organs and tissues.
The endocrine system consists of mainly the pituitary and pineal glands in the brain, the thyroid and parathyroid in the throat, the thymus gland which is located near the heart, the adrenal and sexual glands. The hypothalamus also plays an important role in stimulating certain hormones from the pituitary gland. On a lesser degree neurons also secrete hormones into the bloodstream. The pituitary gland lies close to the hypothalamus of the brain and is often referred to as the master gland. This is because it secretes various hormones that control all the other glands in the body when stimulated by the hypothalamus.
A lack of serotonin may result in low self-esteem, depression and aggression. Melatonin is controlling when you wake up and your sleeping cycle. Epinephrine gets the body moving in situations that require instant action, such as those involving fear or danger. Endorphins are chemical groups that are produced by the hypophysis and the hypothalamus. The hypophysis releases beta-endorphin in the blood stream and the bone marrow.
Abstract A major part of the endocrine system consists of the pituitary gland also known as the Master gland because is controls many body functions. This gland secretes many different hormones into the bloodstream to target organs and is controlled by the hypothalamus. There are two parts to the pituitary gland; one is called the anterior lobe, and the other is the posterior lobe. The pituitary gland has many important function in body growth, metabolism, child birth and many others. If a problem arises within the pituitary gland, or hypothalamus, disorders and tumors may occur.
This essay sets out to discuss the physiological consequences of external stressors on the body, with particular attention to the impact that they have on the Nervous, Endocrine and Cardiovascular systems. External stressors could be described as any physical or emotional strain such as those brought on by fear, exercise, illness, negative relationships or poor living conditions (UMMC, 2011) The human body is naturally equipped with a built in mechanism which provides a biochemical reaction that adapts and responds to stress, and this is referred to as the ‘Fight or Flight Response’ (Harari & Legge, 2001: 75). The two main controllers of the stress response are the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) and the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis. Responding to biochemical and environmental demands, both these systems work together in tandem via a feedback loop and are responsible for ensuring timely control and activation of physiological responses and maintenance of homeostasis throughout the body (Tortora & Derrickson, 2012: 713-714). The first stage of the stress response occurs when the hypothalamus in the brain detects stress and switches on the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) to induce a rush of adrenaline.
| 1) Low blood pressure | | 2) Stomach ache | | 3) Increase perspiration and salivation (Moore, 2013) | Example of a neurological disorder, disease, or condition where this agent occurs | List possible risks associated with not taking this agent for the disorder, disease, or condition: | A severe autoimmune muscular disease by varying progressions of defects of the skeletal muscles in the body is known as myasthenia gravis. A defect in the transmission of nerve impulses to muscles is seen in myasthenia gravis. The acetylcholine travels from the neuromuscular junction and binds to acetylcholine receptors, which are made active and create muscle
Enhancing an inhibitor has the effect of making a person sluggish. Also, alcohol weakens the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamine, which enhances the sluggishness even farther. The Central Nervous System: The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves originating from it. Sensory impulses are transmitted to the CNS and motor impulses pass from it. When alcohol acts on the CNS, intoxication occurs, affecting emotional and sensory function, judgment, memory and learning ability.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are excitatory neurotransmitters while dopamine, serotonin, and GABA are inhibitory (Kau-Nu, 2011). Neurotransmitters are molecules that act as messages in the nervous system in the human brain. These molecules range in complexity from the two-carbon transmitter glycine to large proteins. There are three major classes of neurotransmitters, and these include amino acids, amines, and peptides. For the second question, we see that neurons are the actual nerve fibers of the body.
This is important statement because it proves that gender identity and sexual orientation is not purely choice, but driven by biological forces. Because hormones play such a diverse role in bodily functions, I will break down hormones into categories to provide clarification. Hormones are chemicals that come from the endocrine gland and are released into the circulatory system (Pinel, 2009). Hormones affect other endocrine glands or various parts in the nervous system. There are three types of hormones: amino acids, peptides and proteins, and steroids (Pinel, 2009).
In biological factors, the amygdala comes out to be important in brain’s emotional circuit. It plays an important role in emotional memories. Some studies had specified that stress hormones such as adrenaline are released when strong emotions are bringing to mind. LeDoux in The Emotional Brain (1999) describes two biological paths of emotions in the brain. The short route is the first one which goes from thalamus to amygdala, the long route is the second one that passes through the neocortex and hippocampus before it comes out as an emotional reaction.